槲皮素
檞皮素(quercetin)又稱五羥黃酮、檞黃酮,又稱栎精[1],是一種植物性黃酮醇,屬於多酚中的黃酮類化合物,存在于水果、蔬菜和谷物等植物中。
檞皮素 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | |
别名 | 栎精 五羥黃酮 檞黃酮 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 117-39-5 |
PubChem | 5280343 |
ChemSpider | 4444051 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYAW |
KEGG | C00389 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C15H10O7 |
302.236 g·mol⁻¹ | |
密度 | 1.799 g/cm3 |
熔点 | 316 °C |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
檞皮素广泛存在于自然界中。其英文名“quercetin”最早出现于1857年,其来源于“quercetum”,意为栎树林。[2][3]其是一种天然的生长素极性运输抑制剂。[4]
檞皮素含量丰富的食品包括:茶叶(茶树;2000-2500 mg/kg),刺山柑(1800 mg/kg)[5],欧当归(1700 mg/kg),苹果(44 mg/kg),红洋葱(1910 mg/kg,最外层的含量最高[6]),红葡萄,柑橘、蕃茄、花椰菜及其他綠葉蔬菜。此外還有许多浆果的含量也较高,包括覆盆子、歐洲越橘(158 mg/kg,鲜重),越橘(种植74 mg/kg,野生146 mg/kg),蔓越莓(种植83 mg/kg,野生121 mg/kg),沙棘(62 mg/kg),岩高兰(种植53 mg/kg,野生56 mg/kg)[7]及仙人掌的果实。2007年一项研究发现,有机种植的番茄檞皮素含量比传统种植的高出79%。[8]
生理活性
对大鼠生物利用度的研究显示,当放射性同位素标记的槲皮素-4-葡萄糖苷通过胃肠道后,其被转化为酚酸。[11]
檞皮素既尚未被科学的证明其具有任何疗效,也没有得到任何监管机构的批准。美国食品与药品管理局尚未批准任何关于槲皮素的功效说明。[12]不過达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物也一種潛在的返老藥(Senolytic),一項人體初步臨床試驗顯示,达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物在患有糖尿病腎臟病變的人類患者中,確實會降低部分組織當中衰老細胞的數量。[13]
炎症
一些实验室的研究表明槲皮素可能具有抗炎特性[14][15],并在研究其潜在的疗效。[15][16]
檞皮素可减轻花粉热的症状。[17]其一种酶改性衍生物被发现具有减轻花粉热眼部症状的作用。[18][19][20]
一项对老鼠的研究表明,槲皮素能有效的减少速释型烟酸引起的潮紅現象,部分途径为减少前列腺素D2的产生。[21]一个四人的试验性临床试验给出的初步数据支持该观点。[22]
药物相互作用
檞皮素有一些抗生素配伍禁忌;其可能影响氟喹诺酮的作用,因檞皮素也具有竞争结合DNA旋转酶的能力。尚未确定其是否能抑制或增强氟奎诺酮的效果。[36]
《AHFS药物信息》(2010年)[37]将檞皮素标记为CYP2C8的抑制剂,并具体的说明其与紫杉醇可能形成有害的相互作用。由于紫杉醇由CYP2C8代谢,其生物利用度可能增加或不可预测,可能导致毒副作用。[38][39]
此外,檞皮素还被描述为CYP2C9的抑制剂[40],及CYP3A4的抑制剂[41]和诱导剂[42]。CYP2C9和CPY3A4都是细胞色素P450混合功能氧化酶系统的组分,因此这些酶参与外来物质的代谢。
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