自由港
自由港(英語:,又稱自由貿易區、自由口岸)是一种以經營貿易為主的經濟特區,可自由進行貨物起卸、搬運、轉口和加工、長期儲存的港口區域。自由港內的國外貨物,可免征關稅和不需經海關人員檢查。自由港主要從事轉口貿易,但一些大小已經跟城市相同,還會進行加工、旅遊和服務等業務。
最早的自由港出現於歐洲,13世纪法蘭西王国已開闢馬賽港為自由貿易園區。1547年,西班牙王國的錫耶納共和國正式將热那亚湾的里南那港定名为世界上第一个自由港。其後,為了擴大對外的國際貿易,一些歐洲國家便陸續將一些港口城市開闢自由港。至今,因應全球的貿易活動與經濟發展,自由港的數量已上升至130多個。
自由港與保税港區相似,其不同在於貿易優惠措施空间範圍上的不同而已。
全球自由港
利比里亚
蒙羅維亞自由港
摩洛哥
- 丹吉尔出口免稅區
奈及利亞
- 恩納港油氣自由貿易區
黎巴嫩
- 贝鲁特港
- 黎波里港
阿联酋
- 阿布達比
- 杜拜
- Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone (ADAFZ)
- ADPC - Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone (KPIZ)
- Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone (ABRFZ)
- Ajman Free Zone (AFZ)
- Creative City
- Dubai Academic City
- Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZ)
- Dubai Biotechnology & Research Park (DuBiotech)
- Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone (DUCAMZ)
- Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Free Zone
- Dubai Internet City
- Dubai Media City
- Dubai Studio City
- Dubai Techno Park
- Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (TECOM)
- International Media Production Zone
- Dubai Knowledge Village
- Dubai Logistics City
- Dubai Healthcare City
- Dubai Industrial City (DIC)
- Dubai International Academic City
- 迪拜国际金融中心 Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
- DuBiotech
- Economic Zones World (EZW)
- Fujairah Creative City
- Fujairah Free Zone (FFZ)
- Dubai Outsource Zone
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA)
- Hamriyah Free Zone
- Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones (HCSEZ) - ZonesCorp
- Industrial City of Abu Dhabi
- JLT Free Zone Dubai
- RAK Investment Authority Free Zone (RAKIA FZ)
- Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone
- Ras Al Khaimah IT Park
- Ras Al Khaimah Media Free Zone
- Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF)
- twofour54 Abu Dhabi
- Virtuzone Free Zone
白俄羅斯
- Brest FEZ
- Grodno FEZ
芬兰
(歐盟成員)
- Free zone of Lappeenranta (Lappeenrannan Vapaa-alue)
- Freeport of Hanko (Hangon Vapaasatama)
- Adjara autonomous republic
- Batumi, 1878-1886 (then Russia)
马恩岛
- Isle of Man Airport (Ballasala)
義大利
(歐盟成員)
- Livorno, 1675–1860
- Free Zone of Venice (Porto franco di Venezia)
- Aosta Valley
- Campione d'Italia
- Livigno
- Port of Trieste
北賽普勒斯
- Famagusta Free Zone
- Gemikonağı Free Zone
西班牙
(歐盟成員)
- Free zone of Barcelona (Zona franca de Barcelona)
- Free zone of Cádiz (Zona franca de Cádiz)
- Free zone of Vigo (Zona franca de Vigo)
- Free zone of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Zona franca de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
- (Ceuta and Melilla are not Free Ports or Free zones because they are part of Spain, but not part of the European union for customs and excises)
瑞典
(歐盟成員)
- Marstrand, 18th century
- Saint-Barthélemy, 1785–1878
- Stockholms frihamn, 1919–1995
- Frihamnen, Göteborg, 1922-
英国
- Liverpool Free Zone
- Prestwick Airport Free Zone
- Southampton Free Zone
- Tilbury Free Zone
- Port of Sheerness Free Zone
美洲
- Zona Franca (页面存档备份,存于) of Latin America
百慕達群島
- 汉密顿自由港
多米尼加共和國
- Mega Port of Punta Caucedo
巴拿馬
- Zona Libre de Colón (页面存档备份,存于)
- Zona Libre Colon (页面存档备份,存于)
烏拉圭
- Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport) (页面存档备份,存于)
- Zona Franca de Montevideo
- Zona Franca Colonia
- Zona Franca Rivera
美國
- US Commerce Department (International Trade Administration): List of U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones
- A foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a high security, access restricted, Customs privileged, C-TPAT Supply Chain Best Practice facility where merchandise both Domestic and Foreign may be Admitted for purposes of storage, manipulation, manufacturing, destruction, exhibition, or temporary removal duty-free. Duty, certain user fees and taxes are only assessed on merchandise that is Entered into the U.S. commerce for consumption. Goods that are transferred out of the FTZ for exportation abroad are exempt from duty, taxes, and user fees. FTZs are considered to be outside the main U.S. customs territory.
- United States Virgin Islands
委內瑞拉
- Free port of Isla Margarita (Puerto Libre de Margarita)
- Free zone of the Paraguaná Peninsula (Zona Franca de la Península de Paraguaná)
- Free zone of Santa Elena de Uairén (Zona Franca de Santa Elena de Uairén)
參考來源
- 临港经济与辽宁中部城市群 (页面存档备份,存于)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.