自由港
自由港(英语:,又称自由贸易区、自由口岸)是一种以经营贸易为主的经济特区,可自由进行货物起卸、搬运、转口和加工、长期保存的港口区域。自由港内的国外货物,可免征关税和不需经海关人员检查。自由港主要从事转口贸易,但一些大小已经跟城市相同,还会进行加工、旅游和服务等业务。
最早的自由港出现于欧洲,13世纪法兰西王国已开辟马赛港为自由贸易园区。1547年,西班牙王国的锡耶纳共和国正式将热那亚湾的里南那港定名为世界上第一个自由港。其后,为了扩大对外的国际贸易,一些欧洲国家便陆续将一些港口城市开辟自由港。至今,因应全球的贸易活动与经济发展,自由港的数量已上升至130多个。
自由港与保税港区相似,其不同在于贸易优惠措施空间范围上的不同而已。
全球自由港
利比里亚

蒙罗维亚自由港
摩洛哥

- 丹吉尔出口免税区
尼日利亚

- 恩纳港油气自由贸易区
黎巴嫩

- 贝鲁特港
- 黎波里港
阿联酋

- 阿布达比
- 杜拜
- Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone (ADAFZ)
- ADPC - Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone (KPIZ)
- Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone (ABRFZ)
- Ajman Free Zone (AFZ)
- Creative City
- Dubai Academic City
- Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZ)
- Dubai Biotechnology & Research Park (DuBiotech)
- Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone (DUCAMZ)
- Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Free Zone
- Dubai Internet City
- Dubai Media City
- Dubai Studio City
- Dubai Techno Park
- Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (TECOM)
- International Media Production Zone
- Dubai Knowledge Village
- Dubai Logistics City
- Dubai Healthcare City
- Dubai Industrial City (DIC)
- Dubai International Academic City
- 迪拜国际金融中心 Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
- DuBiotech
- Economic Zones World (EZW)
- Fujairah Creative City
- Fujairah Free Zone (FFZ)
- Dubai Outsource Zone
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA)
- Hamriyah Free Zone
- Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones (HCSEZ) - ZonesCorp
- Industrial City of Abu Dhabi
- JLT Free Zone Dubai
- RAK Investment Authority Free Zone (RAKIA FZ)
- Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone
- Ras Al Khaimah IT Park
- Ras Al Khaimah Media Free Zone
- Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF)
- twofour54 Abu Dhabi
- Virtuzone Free Zone
白俄罗斯

- Brest FEZ
- Grodno FEZ
芬兰

(欧盟成员)
- Free zone of Lappeenranta (Lappeenrannan Vapaa-alue)
- Freeport of Hanko (Hangon Vapaasatama)

- Adjara autonomous republic
- Batumi, 1878-1886 (then Russia)
马恩岛

- Isle of Man Airport (Ballasala)
意大利

(欧盟成员)
- Livorno, 1675–1860
- Free Zone of Venice (Porto franco di Venezia)
- Aosta Valley
- Campione d'Italia
- Livigno
- Port of Trieste
北赛普勒斯

- Famagusta Free Zone
- Gemikonağı Free Zone
西班牙

(欧盟成员)
- Free zone of Barcelona (Zona franca de Barcelona)
- Free zone of Cádiz (Zona franca de Cádiz)
- Free zone of Vigo (Zona franca de Vigo)
- Free zone of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Zona franca de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
- (Ceuta and Melilla are not Free Ports or Free zones because they are part of Spain, but not part of the European union for customs and excises)
瑞典

(欧盟成员)
- Marstrand, 18th century
- Saint-Barthélemy, 1785–1878
- Stockholms frihamn, 1919–1995
- Frihamnen, Göteborg, 1922-
英国
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- Liverpool Free Zone
- Prestwick Airport Free Zone
- Southampton Free Zone
- Tilbury Free Zone
- Port of Sheerness Free Zone
美洲
- Zona Franca (页面存档备份,存于) of Latin America
百慕达群岛
- 汉密顿自由港
多米尼加共和国
- Mega Port of Punta Caucedo
巴拿马
- Zona Libre de Colón (页面存档备份,存于)
- Zona Libre Colon (页面存档备份,存于)
乌拉圭
- Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport) (页面存档备份,存于)
- Zona Franca de Montevideo
- Zona Franca Colonia
- Zona Franca Rivera
美国
- US Commerce Department (International Trade Administration): List of U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones
- A foreign trade zone (FTZ) is a high security, access restricted, Customs privileged, C-TPAT Supply Chain Best Practice facility where merchandise both Domestic and Foreign may be Admitted for purposes of storage, manipulation, manufacturing, destruction, exhibition, or temporary removal duty-free. Duty, certain user fees and taxes are only assessed on merchandise that is Entered into the U.S. commerce for consumption. Goods that are transferred out of the FTZ for exportation abroad are exempt from duty, taxes, and user fees. FTZs are considered to be outside the main U.S. customs territory.
- United States Virgin Islands
委内瑞拉
- Free port of Isla Margarita (Puerto Libre de Margarita)
- Free zone of the Paraguaná Peninsula (Zona Franca de la Península de Paraguaná)
- Free zone of Santa Elena de Uairén (Zona Franca de Santa Elena de Uairén)
参考来源
- 临港经济与辽宁中部城市群 (页面存档备份,存于)
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