哈雷型彗星列表

哈雷型彗星(,簡稱HTCs)是轨道周期在20到200年之間的週期性彗星,在人的一生中通常只出現一到兩次,大多數來自土星海王星軌道之間。由於其軌道的性質,它們可能會受到巨行星的擾動,並送入離太陽較遠的軌道、無法釋放氣體,反之亦然;半人马小行星即為運行軌道類似哈雷型彗星的微型行星,同樣因離太陽較遠而無法釋放氣體。哈雷型彗星是以第一個被發現的成員哈雷彗星[lower-alpha 1]命名,它繞行太陽的週期是75年,最遠經過海王星軌道。

多數哈雷型彗星會根據與木星的蒂塞朗参数(TJupiter)分為木星族彗星(,簡稱JFCs)或凱戎型彗星(,簡稱CTCs)。雖然木星族彗星的古典定義為週期20年以下,但目前正式定義為相對木星的蒂塞朗參數介於2與3之間(2 < TJupiter < 3);凱戎型彗星相對木星的蒂塞朗參數大於3,且半短徑大於木星之半短徑(TJupiter > 3、a > aJupiter)。由於此二定義皆與週期無關,便會讓部分哈雷型彗星納入此二分類中,使彗星分類更加模糊。

編號

以上列表包含已編號的14個哈雷型彗星。

未編號

此列表僅包含未編號哈雷型彗星,因為它們只被觀測到一次。

天體命名 彗星的命名、發現者 轨道周期(年) 軌道離心率 半短徑
天文單位
拱點
(天文單位)
軌道傾角
°
絕對星等(M1) 最後觀測近日點 下一個預期近日點 Ref
C/1917 F1 (Mellish)John E. Mellish1450.99312127.64733250.19018632.68281917/04/112062MPC · JPL
C/1921 H1Dubiago70.80.934817.1021.11622.341921/05/042062MPC · JPL
C/1937 D1Wilk1870.98109832.74452440.61893726.02051937/02/212124MPC · JPL
C/1942 EA于尔约·韦伊塞莱85.40.93363919.39511161.28707937.99611942/02/152027/07/10MPC · JPL
C/1984 A1威廉·阿什利·布拉德菲爾德 1152.30.952428.51.3575151.80059.61983/12/272136/04/01MPC · JPL
C/1989 A3Bradfield81.90.97770818.8530.42027183.06721988/12/052070/11/01MPC · JPL
C/1991 L3大衛·李維51.280.92881113.80180.98254519.190318.81991/07/082042/10/19MPC · JPL
C/1998 G1林肯近地小行星研究小組42.080.823712.0992.1333109.71410.81998/11/162040/12/15MPC · JPL
C/1998 Y1LINEAR1100.923922.9561.7469928.1082141998/11/212108/11/15MPC · JPL
C/1999 E1Li66.060.7601116.3413.9200246.881088.31998/01/312065/02/21MPC · JPL
C/1999 G1林肯近地小行星研究小組1490.85628.14.04876.5581998/08/012150MPC · JPL
C/1999 K4LINEAR700.92201.442120.818.51999/05/162069/06/08MPC · JPL
C/1999 S3LINEAR82.430.8999518.941.89493970.56074.91999/11/092081/04/04MPC · JPL
C/1999 XS87LINEAR (*JFC)72.50.8405717.3862.771814.846410.91999/08/062072/02/04MPC · JPL
C/2000 D2LINEAR720.86717.22.2975156.99213.72000/03/082072MPC · JPL
C/2000 G2LINEAR520.805142.716170.478512.82000/02/052052MPC · JPL
C/2000 S3洛厄爾天文台近地小行星搜尋計畫 (*JFC)39.970.772311.692.662225.1646.42000/07/162040/07/10MPC · JPL
C/2001 M10近地小行星追踪 (*JFC)137.630.8010726.6575.3027528.083499.42001/06/212139/02/01MPC · JPL
C/2001 OG108洛厄爾天文台近地小行星搜尋計畫48.50.925259513.30.994047980.2450513.22002/03/152050/09/13MPC · JPL
P/2001 Q6近地小行星追踪22.610.823867.99461.40817956.855313.32001/11/092024/06/20MPC · JPL
C/2001 W2BATTeRS75.890.9413617.9251.051065115.913112.12001/12/232077/11/15MPC · JPL
C/2002 A1林肯近地小行星研究小組 (*JFC)70.040.7228116.9924.7099614.033938.62001/11/262071/12/11MPC · JPL
C/2002 A2LINEAR (*JFC)70.740.7248217.1034.7065914.03867.52001/12/052072/09/01MPC · JPL
C/2002 B1LINEAR31.240.771029.91832.2711351.02146.32002/04/202032/06/17MPC · JPL
C/2002 CE10LINEAR30.750.7914869.815952.0467593145.458710.82003/06/222034/03/23MPC · JPL
C/2002 K4近地小行星追踪73.410.8423217.5322.7645394.063211.42002/07/122075/12/01MPC · JPL
C/2003 E1NEAT (*JFC)50.860.7635913.72633.24500433.5378510.62004/02/132054/12/24MPC · JPL
C/2003 F1林肯近地小行星研究小組93.930.8060520.6644.00780670.22168.32003/06/282097/06/02MPC · JPL
P/2003 QX29近地小行星追踪 (*JFC)22.740.47188.02554.23911.39656.12002/10/262025/07/21MPC · JPL
C/2003 R1林肯近地小行星研究小組87.440.8933119.72.10188149.1956312.72003/06/292090/12/15MPC · JPL
C/2003 U1LINEAR109.60.921622.91.79572164.474515.22003/11/032113MPC · JPL
C/2003 W1LINEAR126.10.9342925.151.6524178.075613.52003/11/092130MPC · JPL
C/2004 C1Jeffrey A. Larsen (*JFC)39.330.623111.5664.359428.918102003/03/192042/09/01MPC · JPL
P/2004 DO29太空監視林肯近地小行星研究小組 (*JFC)20.40.451517.46554.0947514.535810.32004/10/112025/03/06MPC · JPL
P/2004 V5-ALINEAR–Hill (*JFC)22.420.4452177.950594.41085319.3581368.82005/02/282027/07/31MPC · JPL
P/2004 V5-BLINEAR–Hill (*JFC)22.420.4452337.950924.4109119.358229.22005/03/012027/08/02MPC · JPL
C/2005 N5卡特林那巡天系統153.650.9432728.6871.627421.3787912.92005/08/222159/01/01MPC · JPL
C/2005 O2Eric J. Christensen115.430.8593923.7073.33358148.892045.22005/09/082121/02/15MPC · JPL
P/2005 S2Brian A. Skiff (*CTC)22.480.19677.9656.3983.1417.92006/06/302028/12/22MPC · JPL
P/2005 T3Read (*CTC)20.580.1747.5096.2026.269.22006/01/132026/08/15MPC · JPL
P/2005 T4太陽和太陽圈探測器28.40.939.30.649399160.036215.42005/10/102034MPC · JPL
C/2005 W2Christensen (*JFC)82.680.8244618.9793.3316211.2640310.82006/03/272096/12/01MPC · JPL
C/2006 F2Christensen (*JFC)43.270.6513812.3244.296520.51110.62006/05/302049/09/06MPC · JPL
P/2006 HR30Siding Spring Survey21.860.84311847.817541.226427731.88449911.72007/01/022028/11/12MPC · JPL
C/2006 U7Gibbs (*JFC)41.510.630911.994.42557.76211.62007/03/282048/10/01MPC · JPL
C/2007 S2萊蒙山巡天數據 (*JFC)44.450.55705612.54775.55793116.8630592008/09/142053/02/25MPC · JPL
C/2008 E1卡特林那巡天系統 (*JFC)34.940.5481510.6874.8289135.037699.12008/08/112043/07/31MPC · JPL
P/2008 O3Andrea Boattini (*JFC)23.420.69498.1862.497332.26995.12008/06/032031/11/03MPC · JPL
C/2008 R3林肯近地小行星研究小組79.110.8964118.4281.90903543.2379313.52008/11/222088/01/01MPC · JPL
P/2008 Y3罗伯特·麦克诺特 (*JFC)22.750.447668.02814.43424138.813188.72009/01/112031/10/12MPC · JPL
P/2009 O3Hill (*JFC)21.890.686887.82442.4499916.2176122009/05/182031/04/08MPC · JPL
P/2009 Q5罗伯特·麦克诺特 (*JFC)20.40.6090617.46542.9185140.904810.52009/09/082030/02/02MPC · JPL
P/2009 T2拉薩格拉天文台 (*JFC)20.940.7689917.5961.7547528.1063914.22010/01/122030/12/21MPC · JPL
P/2010 E2Jarnac (*JFC)25.40.722378.64022.3987415.43714.42010/04/072035/08/31MPC · JPL
C/2010 E5James V. Scotti (*JFC)122.960.8427424.733.888418.91026.12009/11/212132/11/01MPC · JPL
P/2010 J3Robert S. McMillan (astronomer) (*JFC)26.940.726828.98712.4551113.2550711.62010/08/232037/08/01MPC · JPL
P/2010 JC81廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星23.190.777358.133071.810831138.6902510.32011/04/262034/07/04MPC · JPL
C/2010 L5WISE23.60.9048.20.7909147.05217.42010/04/232033MPC · JPL
C/2011 J3林肯近地小行星研究小組86.50.925819.561.451114.712413.12011/01/242097MPC · JPL
P/2011 JB15太空監視Andrea Boattini200.318747.36685.0187119.141275.52012/01/212032/01/21MPC · JPL
C/2011 L1罗伯特·麦克诺特36.660.7967811.0342.2423765.51210.62010/12/182047/08/15MPC · JPL
P/2011 P1McNaught (*JFC)21.540.35987.7414.95566.17418.22010/07/222032/02/04MPC · JPL
C/2011 P2泛星計畫 (*CTC)30.470.369829.75626.14818.989646.72010/09/132041/03/04MPC · JPL
P/2011 S1Gibbs (*CTC)25.460.203058.65456.89722.67925.52014/08/202040/02/04MPC · JPL
C/2011 S2Richard Kowalski65.830.931616.3041.11511817.5725314.82011/10/262077/08/25MPC · JPL
C/2011 Y3Andrea Boattini (*JFC)40.820.70511.853.497826.51711.72011/08/222052/06/17MPC · JPL
C/2012 BJ98萊蒙山巡天數據[1] (*JFC)70.520.8736517.0682.1565772.63698.12012/09/202083/03/29MPC · JPL
P/2012 C3泛星計畫 (*JFC)30.20.62649.73.6259.1913.52011/10/052042MPC · JPL
C/2012 H2罗伯特·麦克诺特64.90.893616.141.7167892.835515.72012/05/032077MPC · JPL
P/2012 NJ拉薩格拉天文台24.790.8480628.50271.291890184.3754613.12012/06/132037/03/28MPC · JPL
C/2012 Q1Richard Kowalski (*JFC)133.630.6372226.1389.4822245.1814.72012/02/092145/10/01MPC · JPL
C/2012 T6Kowalski54.380.8763414.3541.7750933.275515.72012/08/262067/01/15MPC · JPL
C/2012 X2泛星計畫 (*JFC)94.120.7705220.694.7481634.123899.62013/03/312107/05/14MPC · JPL
C/2012 Y3罗伯特·麦克诺特159.30.9399329.381.7648273.231810.42012/08/252172MPC · JPL
C/2013 C2Tenagra II Observatory (*CTC)64.010.429316.0019.132121.344264.42015/08/282080/09/01MPC · JPL
C/2013 D1Paulo R. Holvorcem (*JFC)37.620.7808811.2272.4601310.0935613.52013/04/132050/11/25MPC · JPL
P/2013 N3泛星計畫 (*JFC)20.260.59247.4313.02892.170416.62014/02/112034/05/17MPC · JPL
P/2013 P1PANSTARRS (*JFC)25.170.60538.5883.390218.70211.62013/02/262038/04/29MPC · JPL
C/2013 P4PANSTARRS (*CTC)56.840.5963614.7835.967034.264255.12014/08/122071/06/15MPC · JPL
C/2013 U1卡特林那巡天系統 (*JFC)41.170.797111.922.418823.941513.92013/11/182055/01/01MPC · JPL
C/2013 V3Vitaly Nevsky45.360.8909712.7181.38669332.134515.22013/10/292059/03/09MPC · JPL
C/2013 W2泛星計畫 (*JFC)32.230.56110.134.4484.54365.82015/01/082047/03/15MPC · JPL
C/2014 F3斯科特·桑德·谢泼德乍德·特魯希略 (*JFC)660.6516.35.76.486.12021/04/172087MPC · JPL
C/2014 HU195Valdes–TOTAS (*JFC)102.250.7658021.8675.121135.8222714.62015/05/182117/08/14MPC · JPL
C/2014 J1卡特林那巡天系統25.40.8028.641.7085159.69616.82014/06/202039MPC · JPL
P/2014 L3Hill (*JFC)23.360.773098.17061.853966.26413.72014/06/282037/11/06MPC · JPL
P/2014 O3泛星計畫 (*JFC)20.720.38477.5444.6427.8110.42014/04/162035/01/04MPC · JPL
C/2014 Q3Gennadiy Borisov151.640.9420728.4361.64740889.948888.82014/11/192166/07/10MPC · JPL
C/2014 TG64卡特林那巡天系統 (*JFC)22.2830.782414.893.243.23916.42014/05/262072MPC · JPL
C/2014 W7Christensen380.86911.31.488198.31416.32014/12/312052MPC · JPL
C/2014 W9泛星計畫37.280.857711.161.587410.630215.52015/02/152052/04/01MPC · JPL
C/2014 W11PANSTARRS (*JFC)30.670.6502559.79803.42680512.706798.82015/06/172036/04/16MPC · JPL
C/2015 A1PANSTARRS90.240.90081620.1191.99550580.365766.92015/03/132105/06/09MPC · JPL
P/2015 A3PANSTARRS210.857.61.154172.5120.22015/02/222036MPC · JPL
P/2015 B1PANSTARRS (*JFC)30.100.382509.67725.9756718.0278.72015/09/192045/10/26MPC · JPL
P/2015 B4萊蒙山巡天數據–PANSTARRS (*JFC)25.720.568948.71213.755401.7426211.72015/02/172030/12/04MPC · JPL
C/2015 D2PANSTARRS (*JFC)46.790.5682612.9855.606031.83396.32013/09/272060/07/13MPC · JPL
C/2015 D5Richard Kowalski (*JFC)27.660.49969.1454.57620.39906.02014/04/162041/12/12MPC · JPL
C/2015 F5太陽和太陽圈探測器高兴 (业余天文学家)60.90.9776415.470.345995149.259017.62015/03/282075/02/01MPC · JPL
C/2015 GX泛星計畫65.130.87819816.18831.97175390.2545414.42015/08/262080/10/09MPC · JPL
C/2015 H1Bressi185.50.9407832.531.92636140.655586.62015/03/282200/10/07MPC · JPL
P/2015 Q2Pimentel20.160.75447.4071.81912146.202215.32015/09/102035/11/06MPC · JPL
C/2015 T5斯科特·桑德·谢泼德大衛·J·托倫 (*CTC)147.90.666127.979.338311.04837.72016/01/242164MPC · JPL
C/2015 V4泛星計畫79.890.7056718.5505.4597260.75138.72016/08/272096/07/19MPC · JPL
C/2015 X2PANSTARRS62.50.879115.751.9045672.45816.12015/12/202078/06/25MPC · JPL
C/2015 X4Leonid Elenin (*JFC)77.230.81280718.13453.3946629.5049110.12015/11/032093/02/14MPC · JPL
C/2015 X8廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星86.90.939319.61.1903155.281714.12015/10/232099/09/13MPC · JPL
C/2015 YG1廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星71.140.8792417.1692.0734157.336012.32015/09/282086/11/17MPC · JPL
P/2016 A3泛星計畫 (*JFC)21.360.37787.69794.78958.59295.42017/04/132038/08/22MPC · JPL
C/2016 Q4Richard Kowalski (*CTC)68.80.578116.797.0847.25677.02018/01/282086MPC · JPL
C/2016 S1泛星計畫23.850.708878.2852.4119394.68987.52017/03/162041/01/20MPC · JPL
P/2016 WM48Lemmon23.460.78678.19541.7480117.547616.82017/02/262040MPC · JPL
C/2017 C1廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星92.080.926369720.78321.5017265.731542017/01/192109MPC · JPL
P/2017 D4泛星計畫 (*JFC)20.230.628987.4242.754510.339612.72016/09/062036/11/29MPC · JPL
C/2017 E2中国科学院紫金山天文台100.090.8908521.55672.3529579.168611.32016/05/122116/06/14MPC · JPL
P/2017 G1泛星計畫 (*JFC)21.530.661347.73872.6213.53413.12016/05/142037/11/23MPC · JPL
P/2017 G2PANSTARRS23.220.650318.13942.84647.9062512.92017/06/132040/09/02MPC · JPL
C/2017 K4小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统 (*JFC)148.870.9057128.08832.6482416.678227.22018/01/082167MPC · JPL
P/2017 P1泛星計畫 (*JFC)22.060.30887.865665.436657.701310.12018/06/182040/07/10MPC · JPL
C/2017 S2PANSTARRS (*JFC)93.090.8240620.54003.61312.6772313.22017/08/282110MPC · JPL
C/2017 U5PANSTARRS (*JFC)69.720.7445716.9394.3267618.956611.82017/12/192087/09/07MPC · JPL
C/2017 W2Leonard50.810.711513.71763.95898.183110.92017/11/022068MPC · JPL
P/2017 W3Gibbs (*JFC)21.510.50397.7343.837318.31710.52018/02/252039/08/30MPC · JPL
C/2017 X1泛星計畫 (*JFC)175.190.851131.30924.662431.31069.62018/06/142193MPC · JPL
P/2017 Y3Leonard30.860.87039.8381.275327.585913.62018/02/112049MPC · JPL
C/2018 A1泛星計畫131.180.906125.81692.423353.621313.12017/10/202148MPC · JPL
C/2018 A6Gibbs72.800.827317.4343.01177.4548.92019/07/082092MPC · JPL
C/2018 DO4萊蒙山巡天數據131.400.906929.8472.406160.47513.72019/08/182151MPC · JPL
C/2018 K1Weiland163.420.937129.8901.879164.19311.92018/04/062182MPC · JPL
C/2018 M1卡特林那巡天系統103.810.940922.0871.30437.26515.92018/07/102122MPC · JPL
C/2018 O1小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统147.090.94427.8641.558154.04112.62018/08/312165MPC · JPL
C/2018 R5萊蒙山巡天數據109.550.841822.89473.6213103.7662019/01/092128MPC · JPL
C/2018 S2凌日系外行星巡天衛星53.550.614914.2065.47164.2206.72018/11/052072MPC · JPL
C/2018 V2小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统129.650.903425.6162.475159.11114.52018/11/262148MPC · JPL
C/2018 W1卡特林那巡天系統101.640.93821.7791.3683.27315.6482019/05/112120MPC · JPL
C/2018 X3泛星計畫43.750.78312.416862.6988743.36815.52018/12/302062MPC · JPL
P/2018 Y2Africano (*JFC)20.720.48787.5433.863511.48886112018/12/132039MPC · JPL
C/2019 A5泛星計畫100.810.708021.66086.324267.53109.42019/06/092119MPC · JPL
C/2019 L1泛星計畫 (*JFC)30.900.70659.84742.889869.99313.62019/08/112050MPC · JPL
C/2019 L2廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星130.480.937025.721.622152.1910.32019/04/022149MPC · JPL
C/2019 LB7Kleyna208.140.929335.12042.483164.2318.12019/03/272227MPC · JPL
C/2019 T5ATLAS22.690.80928.0141.528933.4214.92019/08/012042MPC · JPL
P/2019 V2Groeller (*JFC)20.630.3337.5235.018311.89.82020/10/212041MPC · JPL
C/2019 Y4-D小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统111.650.988823.1870.258944.0214.52020/05/312132MPC · JPL
C/2019 Y4-E小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统87.940.98719.7750.252545.08516.32020/05/312108MPC · JPL
P/2020 A4泛星計畫-萊蒙山巡天數據 (*JFC)23.520.65378.2082.84324.9915.62019/11/222043MPC · JPL
C/2020 M3小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统138.880.952726.8171.26823.47414.62020/10/252159MPC · JPL
C/2020 Q2泛星計畫 (*JFC)36.100.505510.92315.4023.31010.92020/02/072056MPC · JPL
C/2020 S2泛星計畫32.480.827510.17931.75622.397816.32020/12/212052MPC · JPL
P/2020 V3泛星計畫 (*JFC)24.170.25478.366.2323.0358.62021/02/072045MPC · JPL
P/2020 V4Rankin (*JFC)28.520.44849.33365.1514.2456.92021/07/182050MPC · JPL
P/2021 C2泛星計畫 (*JFC)29.470.48749.54084.89021.92711.42021/02/242050MPC · JPL
C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)Maury-Attard134.850.933826.2961.7492.71013.42021/02/192155MPC · JPL
P/2021 J3小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统 (*JFC)26.690.45078.9314.89014.5736.92019/07/032046MPC · JPL
C/2021 K1小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统 (*JFC)45.500.804012.7452.49816.2766.22021/05/042066MPC · JPL
P/2021 R1泛星計畫 (*JFC)24.640.42298.4674.8865.5207.42021/12/162046MPC · JPL
P/2021 U1Wierzchos24.830.71278.5112.44530.56016.12021/09/302046MPC · JPL
P/2021 V2Fuls (*JFC)27.150.61309.0343.50012.6967.02023/01/212050MPC · JPL
C/2022 F2廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星117.130.93423.9391.58597.29315.82022/03/232139MPC · JPL
C/2022 P1廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星79.300.913618.4581.595154.60710.02022/11/282102MPC · JPL
C/2022 Q2小行星陆地撞击持续报警系统187.510.949832.7601.644151.4913.92023/01/312210MPC · JPL
C/2022 S5泛星計畫92.510.893520.4542.179136.5312.82022/11/272115MPC · JPL
P/2022 Y1Hogan44.430.76412.5452.95818.85913.32022/11/272067MPC · JPL
C/2022 Y2Lemmon87.140.87119.6552.545165.9077.52023/03/222110MPC · JPL
C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)ATLAS85.020.94719.3341.02738.31316.22023/07/012108MPC · JPL
C/2023 H3PANSTARRS50.390.61613.6425.2332.4897.22024/02/192074MPC · JPL
C/2023 S3Lemmon152.380.97128.5290.83140.49816.72024/01/192164MPC · JPL
C/2023 V3PANSTARRS48.170.66213.2394.47240.25911.62023/08/062071MPC · JPL

參見

註釋

  1. 同時也是第一個被發現的週期性彗星。

參考

  1. Yoshida, Seiichi. . aerith.net. [23 July 2014].
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