冠状病毒刺突蛋白

刺突醣蛋白(spike (S) glycoprotein)[2]又称刺突蛋白[3]棘蛋白S蛋白,旧名 E2[4],是冠状病毒中最大的一种结构蛋白[5],其功能为负责病毒进入宿主细胞,在病毒感染期间介导受体识别、细胞附着和融合[6]

Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1
Illustration of a SARS-CoV-2 virion
嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒2型的外部結構模型,當中的球狀物為原子[1]
藍色:套膜
青色:  棘蛋白 (S)
紅色:封套蛋白 (E)
綠色:膜蛋白 (M)
橙色:聚醣
鑑定
標誌CoV_S1
PfamPF01600旧版
InterProIPR002551
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2
鑑定
標誌CoV_S2
PfamPF01601旧版
InterProIPR002552
Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding
鑑定
標誌bCoV_S1_RBD
PfamPF09408旧版
InterProIPR018548
Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal
鑑定
標誌bCoV_S1_N
PfamPF16451旧版
InterProIPR032500

由于刺突蛋白可結合成蛋白三聚體,此時可以看到病毒体表面有突出的大结构,称为“刺突”[4][5][7]或“棘突”[8]

刺突糖蛋白可以与細胞表面受體相互作用,然后病毒膜和细胞膜就會融合,最終导致病毒进入宿主细胞。刺突糖蛋白具有高度免疫原性。人們從嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症2019冠状病毒病疫情康复的患者中发现了專門针对刺突糖蛋白的抗体[9]

参考文献

  1. Solodovnikov, Alexey; Arkhipova, Valeria. [Truly beautiful: how we made the SARS-CoV-2 3D model]. N+1. 29 July 2021 [30 July 2021]. (原始内容存档于30 July 2021) (俄语).
  2. Shen S, Tan T H P, Tan Y J. Expression, glycosylation, and modification of the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS CoV[J]. Glycovirology Protocols, 2007: 127-135.
  3. Deng, X.; Baker, S.C. . Encyclopedia of Virology. 2021: 198–207. ISBN 9780128145166. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814515-9.02550-9.
  4. Masters, Paul S. . Advances in Virus Research. 2006, 66: 193–292. ISBN 9780120398690. PMC 7112330可免费查阅. PMID 16877062. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3.
  5. Wang, Yuhang; Grunewald, Matthew; Perlman, Stanley. . Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology 2203. 2020: 1–29. ISBN 978-1-0716-0899-9. PMC 7682345可免费查阅. PMID 32833200. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_1.
  6. Huang, Y., Yang, C., Xu, Xf. et al. Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19. Acta Pharmacol Sin 41, 1141–1149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0485-4
  7. Zhu, Chaogeng; He, Guiyun; Yin, Qinqin; Zeng, Lin; Ye, Xiangli; Shi, Yongzhong; Xu, Wei. . Journal of Medical Virology. 14 June 2021, 93 (10): 5729–5741. PMC 8427004可免费查阅. PMID 34125455. doi:10.1002/jmv.27132.
  8. . [2022-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-12).
  9. V’kovski, Philip; Kratzel, Annika; Steiner, Silvio; Stalder, Hanspeter; Thiel, Volker. . Nature Reviews Microbiology. March 2021, 19 (3): 155–170. PMC 7592455可免费查阅. PMID 33116300. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6.
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