酪氨酸羟化酶
酪氨酸羟化酶(英語:)或酪氨酸3-单加氧酶(英語:)是负责催化氨基酸L-酪氨酸转变为二羟基苯丙氨酸(多巴)的酶[1][2]。因此它使用四氢生物蝶呤作为辅酶。多巴是多巴胺的一个前体,相应地,后者亦是去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素的前体。在人体中,酪氨酸羟化酶由TH基因编码[2]。
酪氨酸羟化酶 | |||||||||||||
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标识 | |||||||||||||
代号 | TH; TYH | ||||||||||||
扩展标识 | 遗传学:191290 鼠基因:98735 同源基因:307 GeneCards: TH Gene | ||||||||||||
EC編號 | 1.14.16.2 | ||||||||||||
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RNA表达模式 | |||||||||||||
更多表达数据 | |||||||||||||
直系同源体 | |||||||||||||
物种 | 人类 | 小鼠 | |||||||||||
Entrez | 7054 | 21823 | |||||||||||
Ensembl | ENSG00000180176 | ENSMUSG00000000214 | |||||||||||
UniProt | P07101 | Q3UTB3 | |||||||||||
mRNA序列 | NM_000360 | NM_009377 | |||||||||||
蛋白序列 | NP_000351 | NP_033403 | |||||||||||
基因位置 |
Chr 11: 2.14 – 2.15 Mb |
Chr 7: 142.7 – 142.71 Mb | |||||||||||
PubMed查询 | |||||||||||||
临床意义
酪氨酸羟化酶可以被药物α-甲基-对-酪氨酸(甲基酪氨酸)所抑制。此抑制作用可以导致脑部多巴胺与去甲肾上腺素的消耗,这是因为缺乏前体L-多巴(L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸),此物质可以由酪氨酸羟化酶所合成。此药很少被使用并会导致抑郁,但它在治疗嗜铬细胞瘤以及抗高血压方面很有用处。
在自體免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征(APS)I型中,酪氨酸羟化酶是一个自身抗原[3]。
参考文献
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外部链接
- GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency including Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Deficient Dopa-Responsive Dystonia or Segawa Syndrome and Autosomal Recessive Infantile Parkinsonism (页面存档备份,存于)
- 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):Tyrosine+hydroxylase
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