穆罕默德之印

穆罕默德之印阿拉伯语:英語:),徽章为圆形金边,上加白色清真言

穆罕默德寄給埃及總督穆高格(Al-Muqawqis)信件上的圓形印記(1904年拍攝)[1]
“万物非主,唯有真主,穆罕默德是安拉的使者”[2]
留有先知穆罕默德的手型印章的穆罕默德和平書, 保護 聖凱薩琳修道院的同意書.

徽章中央为白色;金边印章穆罕默德之印

“安拉的使者,穆罕默德”

参考文献

  1. "the original of the letter was discovered in 1858 by Monsieur Etienne Barthelemy, member of a French expedition, in a monastery in Egypt and is now carefully preserved in Constantinople. Several photographs of the letter have since been published. The first one was published in the well-known Egyptian newspaper Al-Hilal in November 1904" Muhammad Zafrulla Khan, Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1980 (chapter 12 页面存档备份,存于). The drawing of the document published in Al-Hilal was reproduced in David Samuel Margoliouth, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, London (1905), p. 365, which is the source of this image.
  2. N Mohammad (1985), The doctrine of jihad: An introduction, Journal of Law and Religion, 3(2): 381-397

参见

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