眶前孔

眶前孔（英语：）是在眼窝前面的开口。这种头骨是出现于三叠纪的主龙形类的特征。在现存的主龙形动物中，鸟类仍然具有眶前孔结构，而鳄类却失去了它们。人们认为鳄类对该结构的损失与他们的头骨对咬合力和所采用的进食行为的结构性需求有关[1][2]。在某些主龙形动物中，开口是深陷的，其位置被称为眶骨窝（英语：）。眶前孔内有一个鼻窦，与相邻的鼻囊汇合[3] 。尽管鳄类的眶前孔消失了，但它们仍然保留着一个鼻窦[3]。

大椎龙的头骨解剖图展示了眶前孔和其他头部骨骼的位置关系

参考数据

Preushscoft, H., Witzel, U. 2002. Biomechanical Investigations on the Skulls of Reptiles and Mammals. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:207–222.
Rayfield, E.J., Milner, A.C., Xuan, V.B., Young, P.G. 2007. Functional Morphology of Spinosaur "Crocodile Mimic" Dinosaurs. JVP. 27(4):892–901.
Witmer, L.M. 1997. The Evolution of the Antorbital Cavity of Archosaurs: A Study in Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in the Fossil Record with an Analysis of the Function of Pneumaticity. JVP 17(1 supp):1–76.

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[preuschcoftwitzel2002-1] Preushscoft, H., Witzel, U. 2002. Biomechanical Investigations on the Skulls of Reptiles and Mammals. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:207–222.

[rayfield2007-2] Rayfield, E.J., Milner, A.C., Xuan, V.B., Young, P.G. 2007. Functional Morphology of Spinosaur "Crocodile Mimic" Dinosaurs. JVP. 27(4):892–901.

[witmer1997-3] Witmer, L.M. 1997. The Evolution of the Antorbital Cavity of Archosaurs: A Study in Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in the Fossil Record with an Analysis of the Function of Pneumaticity. JVP 17(1 supp):1–76.

恐龙头部骨骼
埃及棘龙的头骨示意图
上颌
前上颌骨上颌骨鼻骨泪骨前额骨额骨轭骨翼骨顶骨方骨方轭骨鳞状骨眶后骨眶前孔颞颥孔巩膜环
下颌
夹骨齿骨隅骨上隅骨关节骨下颌孔