轨道交点

轨道交点是倾斜的轨道穿越参考平面的两个点之一[1]。包含于参考平面上的轨道(称为无倾斜轨道)没有交点。一般的参考平面有:

  • 地心轨道的参考平面是地球赤道平面。在这种情况的无倾斜轨道称为赤道面[2]
  • 日心轨道的参考平面是黄道。在这种情况的无倾斜轨道称为黄道面[2]
  • 太阳系之外的轨道,参考平面是垂直于观测者视线方向的平面,称为天球平面[3], chap. 17.
升交点

交线是天体的轨道平面与参考平面交会之间的交集,它经过这两个交点[2]

如果参考平面的参考方向被定义在其中的一个平面侧,则这两个交点就可以被区分。对地心和日心轨道,称为升交点(或北交点)的是轨道上的天体运行到参考平面北侧时通过点,而降交点(或南交点)则是天体运行至南侧时通过的点[4]。对于太阳系之外的轨道,升交点是天体远离观测者时所经过的点,降交点则是朝向观测者接近时所经过的点[5], p. 137.

升交点的符号是Unicode: U+260A, ☊),而降交点的符号是Unicode: U+260B, ☋)。在中世纪与现代的早期,升交点和降交点分别被称为龙头拉丁龙骨阿拉伯ra's al-jauzahar)和龙尾拉丁语)相对应[6], p. 141; [7], p. 245.。同样的,在阿拉伯语中如ganzaargenzahargeuzaarzeuzahar等已经很少用到的字,都曾被中世纪的西方用来表示这两个交点[8], pp. 196–197; [9], p. 65; [10], pp. 95–96.希腊的名词αναβιβάζων和καταβιβάζων也被用来称呼升交点和降交点,在英文anabibazoncatabibazon表示升交点[11][12], ¶27.

交点的位置可以被做为一个参数,称为轨道要素,用来描述轨道。这个参数被称为升交点黄经(或者有时就称为交点黄经)。

月球交点

月球环绕地球的轨道,参考的基准平面不是赤道平面而是黄道面。太阳引力月球的作用,在轨道上产生的交点称为月球交点,会因为月球进动逐渐西移,约18.6年遶行轨道一周[1][13]

参考数据

  1. node 存盘,存档日期2007-03-09., entry in The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., New York: Columbia University Press, 2001–04. Accessed on line May 17, 2007.
  2. line of nodes 页面存档备份,存于, entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
  3. Celestial Mechanics 页面存档备份,存于, Jeremy B. Tatum, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
  4. ascending node 页面存档备份,存于, entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
  5. The Binary Stars, R. G. Aitken, New York: Semi-Centennial Publications of the University of California, 1918.
  6. Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables, E. S. Kennedy , Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, 46, #2 (1956), pp. 123–177.
  7. Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences 页面存档备份,存于, Ephraim Chambers, London: Printed for J. and J. Knapton [and 18 others], 1728, vol. 1.
  8. Planetary Latitudes, the Theorica Gerardi, and Regiomontanus, Claudia Kren, Isis, 68, #2 (June 1977), pp. 194–205.
  9. Prophatius Judaeus and the Medieval Astronomical Tables, Richard I. Harper, Isis 62, #1(Spring, 1971), pp. 61–68.
  10. Lexicographical Gleanings from the Philobiblon of Richard de Bury, Andrew F. West, Transactions of the American Philological Association(1869-1896), 22(1891), pp. 93–104.
  11. anabibazon, entry in Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language unabridged: with seven language dictionary, Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1986. ISBN 0-85229-503-0.
  12. New thoughts on the genesis of the mysteries of Mithras, Roger Beck, Topoi 11, #1 (2001), pp. 59–76.
  13. Introduction to Astronomy 250, Coordinates, Seasons, Eclipses 页面存档备份,存于, lecture notes, Astronomy 250, Marcia Rieke, University of Arizona, accessed on line May 17, 2007.

参见

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.