轨道交点
轨道交点是倾斜的轨道穿越参考平面的两个点之一[1]。包含于参考平面上的轨道(称为无倾斜轨道)没有交点。一般的参考平面有:
- 对地心轨道的参考平面是地球的赤道平面。在这种情况的无倾斜轨道称为赤道面[2]。
- 对日心轨道的参考平面是黄道。在这种情况的无倾斜轨道称为黄道面[2]。
- 对太阳系之外的轨道,参考平面是垂直于观测者视线方向的平面,称为天球平面[3], chap. 17.。

升交点
交线是天体的轨道平面与参考平面交会之间的交集,它经过这两个交点[2]。
如果参考平面的参考方向被定义在其中的一个平面侧,则这两个交点就可以被区分。对地心和日心轨道,称为升交点(或北交点)的是轨道上的天体运行到参考平面北侧时通过点,而降交点(或南交点)则是天体运行至南侧时通过的点[4]。对于太阳系之外的轨道,升交点是天体远离观测者时所经过的点,降交点则是朝向观测者接近时所经过的点[5], p. 137.。
升交点的符号是(Unicode: U+260A, ☊),而降交点的符号是
(Unicode: U+260B, ☋)。在中世纪与现代的早期,升交点和降交点分别被称为龙头(拉丁:龙骨,阿拉伯:ra's al-jauzahar)和龙尾(拉丁语:)相对应[6], p. 141; [7], p. 245.。同样的,在阿拉伯语中如ganzaar、genzahar、geuzaar和zeuzahar等已经很少用到的字,都曾被中世纪的西方用来表示这两个交点[8], pp. 196–197; [9], p. 65; [10], pp. 95–96.。希腊的名词αναβιβάζων和καταβιβάζων也被用来称呼升交点和降交点,在英文以anabibazon和catabibazon表示升交点[11]; [12], ¶27.。
参考数据
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- line of nodes (页面存档备份,存于), entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
- Celestial Mechanics (页面存档备份,存于), Jeremy B. Tatum, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
- ascending node (页面存档备份,存于), entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 17, 2007.
- The Binary Stars, R. G. Aitken, New York: Semi-Centennial Publications of the University of California, 1918.
- Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables, E. S. Kennedy , Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, 46, #2 (1956), pp. 123–177.
- Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences (页面存档备份,存于), Ephraim Chambers, London: Printed for J. and J. Knapton [and 18 others], 1728, vol. 1.
- Planetary Latitudes, the Theorica Gerardi, and Regiomontanus, Claudia Kren, Isis, 68, #2 (June 1977), pp. 194–205.
- Prophatius Judaeus and the Medieval Astronomical Tables, Richard I. Harper, Isis 62, #1(Spring, 1971), pp. 61–68.
- Lexicographical Gleanings from the Philobiblon of Richard de Bury, Andrew F. West, Transactions of the American Philological Association(1869-1896), 22(1891), pp. 93–104.
- anabibazon, entry in Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language unabridged: with seven language dictionary, Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1986. ISBN 0-85229-503-0.
- New thoughts on the genesis of the mysteries of Mithras, Roger Beck, Topoi 11, #1 (2001), pp. 59–76.
- Introduction to Astronomy 250, Coordinates, Seasons, Eclipses (页面存档备份,存于), lecture notes, Astronomy 250, Marcia Rieke, University of Arizona, accessed on line May 17, 2007.
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