起司濃湯

起司濃湯的主材料是起司，與牛奶、清湯或高湯一起作濃湯基底。可以添加多種其它材料，也有各式形態各異的起司濃湯。這是美國、哥倫比亞、墨西哥、瑞士以及西藏飲食中，都可以見到類似的食品。大量生產的起司濃湯可能加入了食品添加物促進保存與增添風味。

餐廳供應含四種起司的濃湯

概觀

餐廳供應的，用藍紋起司製作的奶酪糊（Churu）

花椰菜起司濃湯

起司濃湯存在於各地飲食中，如：美國飲食、哥倫比亞飲食、墨西哥飲食、瑞士飲食以及西藏飲食。[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]「Mote de queso」是哥倫比亞科爾多瓦省的傳統起司濃湯。[8]西班牙語中「起司濃湯」是「sopa de queso」，1893年的一份墨西哥食譜中就收錄了這道菜。[4]瑞士的起司濃湯稱為「Kassuppe」，是瑞士中部的特色菜。[9]「Churu 」則是西藏的起司濃湯，所有用起司就稱為「churu」。[6][7]

材料

起司是起司濃湯的主材料，通常會削成絲或小塊。[10][11]可以使用硬質的起司如：切達起司、格呂耶爾起司與帕馬森起司[12][13][14]；也可使用軟質起司：農家起司、高達起司、莫恩斯特起司、克索布蘭可起司、奇瓦瓦起司等。[15][16][17][18][19] 起司可以增添湯的風味和營養價值。[20]加工起司（維菲塔起司也是[21]）有時候會用以代替天然起司，例如經過巴氏殺菌的起司和使用巴氏殺菌起司的食物。[22]一些風味濃郁的起司濃湯可能含有較多的脂肪，可能添加了高脂肪的材料如：奶油和鮮奶油，[23]還有起士裡的脂肪。可以改用低脂或零脂起司、零脂牛奶及零脂高湯等，以降低湯品的脂肪含量。[24][25]

牛奶和／或清湯如：雞清湯或高湯[11][26][27]是起司濃湯的液體基底。其餘材料包括：半對半鮮奶油、啤酒、麵包屑、奶油、蛋、洋蔥、洋蔥汁、大蒜，蔬菜則有花椰菜、青花菜、胡蘿蔔和芹菜、香料、調味料等。[10][11][13][27][28]培根碎、啤酒和碎花椰菜等可以增添起司濃湯的風味。有時會灑上麵包丁。[29]

烹調

起司濃湯如果直接加熱很容易燒焦，因此有時會用隔水燉鍋烹調[20][27][30]以避免燒焦。[11]起司濃湯也可以用隔水燉鍋來重複加熱。[11]

大量生產

大量生產的起司濃湯可能含有添加物以促進風味或保存。例如：某些大量生產的起司濃湯為了增添風味，含有修飾奶油脂的成分。[31]一些大量生產的起司濃湯也會使用果膠中的膠質代替脂肪。[32]

起司濃湯列表

啤酒起司濃湯

莫札瑞拉濃湯

啤酒起司濃湯[33][34]
藍紋起司濃湯 – 愛爾蘭飲食與其它飲食[35][36][37]
青花菜起司濃湯[26][38]
Caldo de queso – 索諾拉州的起司濃湯[39]
花椰菜起司濃湯[40][41][42]
切達起司濃湯[1] – 有公司大量生產濃縮的濃湯。[43]也可以從頭到尾自製。[26]
起司漢堡濃湯[44][45]
Churu – 西藏的起司濃湯，以西藏的黴菌熟成起司「Churu」製成。[6][46][47] 湯和起司的名字都是「Churu 」。[46]湯裡會添加羊肉。[7]偶爾會用藍紋起司代替「Churu」起司。[46]
茅屋起司濃湯[48][49]
奶油起司濃湯[50][51]
鮮奶油起司濃湯[27][52]
Mote de queso – 哥倫比亞的起司巧達濃湯，以山芋和起司為主材料。[53][54] 有時會選用農夫起司。這是哥倫比亞科爾多瓦省的傳統菜餚。科爾多瓦省人認為這道菜是佳餚，並且是由祖先代代相傳的傳統菜餚，因此具有歷史地位。[8]
莫札瑞拉濃湯[55][56]
玉米片起司濃湯[57][58]
帕馬森起司濃湯[59]

餐廳供應的，用藍紋起司製作的奶酪糊（Churu）

參考資料

Ojakangas, B.A. . University of Minnesota Press. 2005: 80 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4529-0759-8.
Davidson, A.; Jaine, T. . Oxford Companions. OUP Oxford. 2014: 165 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
Fodor's Travel Guides. . Full-color Travel Guide. Fodor's Travel Publications. 2015: 157 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-101-87872-9 （巴斯克语）.
. Imp. de J.A. Rodríguez. 1893: 17 [1 July 2016].
Jinich 2016, p. 16.
Wright, C.A. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011: 368 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-17779-6.
. Fodor's Travel Publications: 59. 2005 [1 July 2016].
. Radio Nacional de Colombia. June 16, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-15）（西班牙语）.
Fodor, Eugene. . D. McKay. 1971: 108 [1 July 2016].
. Good Housekeeping library. Hearst Books. 2002: 276 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-58816-210-6.
American Heart Association. . American Heart Association. Potter/Tenspeed/Harmony. 2015: 62 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-553-44716-3.
Edwards, L. . Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated. 2014: 66 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-62872-316-8.
Dolby, R. . Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. 1830: 139 [July 1, 2016].
Dolby, Richard. . Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley. 1832: 337 [July 1, 2016].
Schneider, D. . Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony. 2012: 31 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-60774-317-0.
Scheele, C. . iUniverse. 2000: 114 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-595-16122-5.
White, N. . American Palate. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 2015: 79 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-62585-299-1.
Wright, C.A. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2012: pt17 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18686-6.
Jinich 2016, p. 20.
Page, Logan Waller. . Issues 476-500. Farmers' Bulletins. U.S. Department of Agriculture: 487. 1912 [1 July 2016].
Burkhalter, B.B. . AuthorHouse. 2012: 350 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4772-8720-0.
. Volume 41. Chilton Company. 1969 [30 June 2016]. Kraft Pasteurized Process American Cheese, or Kraft Super Blend Pasteurized Process Cheese Food have taken their permanent place among creamy cheese dishes — cheese soups, cheese spreads, and cheese dips. Whatever the cheese ...
Lund, J.A.M.; Alpert, B. . Healthy Exchanges Cookbooks. Perigee Book. 2006: 35 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-399-53281-8.
Woodruff, S. . Avery Publishing Group. 1999: 15 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-89529-880-5.
Mycoskie, P. . Grand Central Publishing. 2009: 380 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-446-56947-7.
Hulin, B. . F+W Media. 2009: 102 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4405-2113-3.
Mendelssohn Club (Rockford, Ill.). . Hermilda Listeman Cookbook Collection. Horton Print. Company. 1909: 37 [July 1, 2016].
. New York State College of Agriculture. 1915: 16 [July 1, 2016]. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)
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. Philly.com. July 1, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-16）.
Furia, T.E. . Taylor & Francis. 1980: 106 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-8493-0543-6. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)
Wiley. . Wiley. 2007: 405 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-470-17448-7.
Berghoff, C.; Ryan, N.; Ryan, N.R. . Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC. 2009: 30 [July 2, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-7407-9069-0.
Cheddar beer soup （页面存档备份，存于） - epicurious.com
Villas, J. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2012: 126 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18656-9.
Andrews, C.; Hirsheimer, C. . Chronicle Books LLC. 2012: 36 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4521-2405-6.
Gravette, A.; Cook, D. . Garnet Publishing, Limited. 2008: 27 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-85964-345-7.
Paré, J. . Company's Coming. Company's Coming Publishing, Limited. 2002: 145 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-895455-89-2.
Sonoran cheese soup recipe （页面存档备份，存于） - Chef2chef Culinary Portal
McNair, J.K.; Brabant, P. . Chronicle Books. 1990: 33 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-87701-753-0.
Mccall, Davina. . Mail Online. January 3, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-18）.
Joachim, D.; Hoffman, M. . Rodale Books. 2000: 118 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-57954-243-6.
. Railroad Yardmasters of America. 1967 [30 June 2016].
Kirsch, H. . Trafford Publishing. 2013: 16 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4669-8761-6.
Wallace, L. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010: 226–227 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18744-3.
Wangmo, Tsering; Houshmand, Zara. . Snow Lion Publications. 1998 [1 July 2016]. ISBN 1559391049. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14）.
Churu recipe （页面存档备份，存于）.
. New York State College of Agriculture. 1915: 25 [July 3, 2016]. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)
Cottage cheese soup 的存檔，存档日期2011-07-16.. iFood.tv.
Stradley, L.; Cook, A.; Anderson, B. . Falcon Series. Globe Pequot Press. 2000: 334 [July 2, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-56044-792-4.
Wheeler, Jason. . dcourier. March 10, 2016 [July 3, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-21）.
. Good Housekeeping. Phelps Publishing Company: 94. 1907 [1 July 2016].
McCausland-Gallo, P. . New Cookbooks Series. Hippocrene Books. 2004: 41 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-7818-1025-8.
Caribe.net - "La Mulata" 的存檔，存档日期2011-07-08.
. Volume 28. nternational Review of Food & Wine Associates: iv, 3. 2005 [2 July 2016].
McCracken, J. . Wiley. 2011: 102 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-118-07012-3 （西班牙语）.
Byrn, A. . Rodale. 2004: 97 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-59486-092-8.
Gardens, Better Homes and; Books, B.H.G. . Better Homes & Gardens Cooking. Meredith Books. 2004: 72 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-696-21834-7.
Dolby, R. . Henry Colburn&Richard Bentley. 1832: 337 [July 3, 2016].

參考書目

Jinich, P. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016 [2016-07-01]. ISBN 978-0-544-55725-3.

深入閱讀

Kähkönen, Päivi; (et al.). . Food Quality and Preference. January 1, 1995, 6 (2): 127–133 [July 1, 2016]. ISSN 0950-3293. doi:10.1016/0950-3293(95)98555-W.
Magness, Perre Coleman. . February 4, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.

外部連結

Cheese soup recipes （页面存档备份，存于）. Food.com.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Ojakangas_2005_p._80-1] Ojakangas, B.A. . University of Minnesota Press. 2005: 80 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4529-0759-8.

[Davidson_Jaine_2014_p._165-2] Davidson, A.; Jaine, T. . Oxford Companions. OUP Oxford. 2014: 165 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.

[Guides_2015_p._157-3] Fodor's Travel Guides. . Full-color Travel Guide. Fodor's Travel Publications. 2015: 157 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-101-87872-9 （巴斯克语）.

[Imp._de_J.A._Rodríguez_1893-4] . Imp. de J.A. Rodríguez. 1893: 17 [1 July 2016].

[5] Jinich 2016, p. 16.

[Wright_2011_p._368-6] Wright, C.A. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011: 368 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-17779-6.

[Fodors_2006-7] . Fodor's Travel Publications: 59. 2005 [1 July 2016].

[Radio_Nacional_de_Colombia_2016-8] . Radio Nacional de Colombia. June 16, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-15）（西班牙语）.

[Fodor_1971-9] Fodor, Eugene. . D. McKay. 1971: 108 [1 July 2016].

[Books_2002_p._276-10] . Good Housekeeping library. Hearst Books. 2002: 276 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-58816-210-6.

[Association_2015_p._62-11] American Heart Association. . American Heart Association. Potter/Tenspeed/Harmony. 2015: 62 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-553-44716-3.

[Edwards_2014_p._66-12] Edwards, L. . Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated. 2014: 66 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-62872-316-8.

[Dolby_1830_p._139-13] Dolby, R. . Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. 1830: 139 [July 1, 2016].

[Dolby_1832_p._337-14] Dolby, Richard. . Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley. 1832: 337 [July 1, 2016].

[Schneider_2012_p._31-15] Schneider, D. . Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony. 2012: 31 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-60774-317-0.

[Scheele_2000_p._114-16] Scheele, C. . iUniverse. 2000: 114 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-595-16122-5.

[White_2015_p._79-17] White, N. . American Palate. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 2015: 79 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-62585-299-1.

[Wright_2012_p._17-18] Wright, C.A. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2012: pt17 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18686-6.

[19] Jinich 2016, p. 20.

[Page_1912-20] Page, Logan Waller. . Issues 476-500. Farmers' Bulletins. U.S. Department of Agriculture: 487. 1912 [1 July 2016].

[Burkhalter_2012_p._350-21] Burkhalter, B.B. . AuthorHouse. 2012: 350 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4772-8720-0.

[Food_Engineering_1969-22] . Volume 41. Chilton Company. 1969 [30 June 2016]. Kraft Pasteurized Process American Cheese, or Kraft Super Blend Pasteurized Process Cheese Food have taken their permanent place among creamy cheese dishes — cheese soups, cheese spreads, and cheese dips. Whatever the cheese ...

[Lund_Alpert_2006_p._35-23] Lund, J.A.M.; Alpert, B. . Healthy Exchanges Cookbooks. Perigee Book. 2006: 35 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-399-53281-8.

[Woodruff_1999_p._15-24] Woodruff, S. . Avery Publishing Group. 1999: 15 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-89529-880-5.

[Mycoskie_2009_p._380-25] Mycoskie, P. . Grand Central Publishing. 2009: 380 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-446-56947-7.

[Hulin_2009_p._102-26] Hulin, B. . F+W Media. 2009: 102 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4405-2113-3.

[Mendelssohn_Club_1909-27] Mendelssohn Club (Rockford, Ill.). . Hermilda Listeman Cookbook Collection. Horton Print. Company. 1909: 37 [July 1, 2016].

[Agriculture_1915-28] . New York State College of Agriculture. 1915: 16 [July 1, 2016]. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)

[ABC_News_2016-29] . ABC News. June 30, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-06）.

[Philly.com_2016-30] . Philly.com. July 1, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-16）.

[Furia_1980_p._106-31] Furia, T.E. . Taylor & Francis. 1980: 106 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-8493-0543-6. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)

[Wiley_2007_p._405-32] Wiley. . Wiley. 2007: 405 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-470-17448-7.

[Berghoff_Cafe_Cookbook_2009_p._30-33] Berghoff, C.; Ryan, N.; Ryan, N.R. . Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC. 2009: 30 [July 2, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-7407-9069-0.

[34] Cheddar beer soup （页面存档备份，存于） - epicurious.com

[35] Villas, J. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2012: 126 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18656-9.

[36] Andrews, C.; Hirsheimer, C. . Chronicle Books LLC. 2012: 36 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4521-2405-6.

[37] Gravette, A.; Cook, D. . Garnet Publishing, Limited. 2008: 27 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-85964-345-7.

[Paré_2002_p._145-38] Paré, J. . Company's Coming. Company's Coming Publishing, Limited. 2002: 145 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-895455-89-2.

[39] Sonoran cheese soup recipe （页面存档备份，存于） - Chef2chef Culinary Portal

[McNair_Brabant_1990_p._33-40] McNair, J.K.; Brabant, P. . Chronicle Books. 1990: 33 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-87701-753-0.

[Mccall_2016-41] Mccall, Davina. . Mail Online. January 3, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-18）.

[Joachim_Hoffman_2000_p._118-42] Joachim, D.; Hoffman, M. . Rodale Books. 2000: 118 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-57954-243-6.

[RYA_1967-43] . Railroad Yardmasters of America. 1967 [30 June 2016].

[Kirsch_2013_p._16-44] Kirsch, H. . Trafford Publishing. 2013: 16 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-4669-8761-6.

[Wallace_2010_p._226-45] Wallace, L. . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010: 226–227 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-544-18744-3.

[The_Lhasa_Moon_Tibetan_Cookbook_1998-46] Wangmo, Tsering; Houshmand, Zara. . Snow Lion Publications. 1998 [1 July 2016]. ISBN 1559391049. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14）.

[47] Churu recipe （页面存档备份，存于）.

[48] . New York State College of Agriculture. 1915: 25 [July 3, 2016]. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)

[49] Cottage cheese soup 的存檔，存档日期2011-07-16.. iFood.tv.

[50] Stradley, L.; Cook, A.; Anderson, B. . Falcon Series. Globe Pequot Press. 2000: 334 [July 2, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-56044-792-4.

[51] Wheeler, Jason. . dcourier. March 10, 2016 [July 3, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-21）.

[Good_Housekeeping_1907-52] . Good Housekeeping. Phelps Publishing Company: 94. 1907 [1 July 2016].

[McCausland-Gallo_2004_p._41-53] McCausland-Gallo, P. . New Cookbooks Series. Hippocrene Books. 2004: 41 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-7818-1025-8.

[54] Caribe.net - "La Mulata" 的存檔，存档日期2011-07-08.

[55] . Volume 28. nternational Review of Food & Wine Associates: iv, 3. 2005 [2 July 2016].

[56] McCracken, J. . Wiley. 2011: 102 [July 3, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-118-07012-3 （西班牙语）.

[Byrn_2004_p._97-57] Byrn, A. . Rodale. 2004: 97 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-1-59486-092-8.

[Gardens_Books_2004_p._72-58] Gardens, Better Homes and; Books, B.H.G. . Better Homes & Gardens Cooking. Meredith Books. 2004: 72 [July 1, 2016]. ISBN 978-0-696-21834-7.

[59] Dolby, R. . Henry Colburn&Richard Bentley. 1832: 337 [July 3, 2016].