蛙属

蛙属（Rana）也称林蛙属、赤蛙属，是蛙科的一个属，分布于欧亚大陆、北美洲、中美洲及南美洲北部。很多其他的属以往都包括在内。[1][2]

蛙属
红腿蛙
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 两栖纲 Amphibia
目： 无尾目 Anura
科： 赤蛙科 Ranidae
属： 蛙属 Rana
Linnaeus, 1758
种
  • 参见内文
异名
  • Amerana Dubois, 1992
  • Anchylorana dubita Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana moorei Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor, 1942
  • Aurana Bauer, 1985
  • Aurorana Dubois, 1992
  • Crotaphitis Schulze, 1891
  • Laurasiarana Hillis & Wilcox, 2005
  • Leptodactylus abavus Holman, 1965
  • Liuhurana Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2010
  • Pseudoamolops Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2000
  • Pseudoamolops Jiang, Fei, Ye, Zeng, Zhen, Xie & Chen, 1997
  • Rana basaltica Young, 1936
  • Rana bucella Holman, 1965
  • Rana ephippium Taylor, 1942
  • Rana fayeae Taylor, 1942
  • Rana johnsoni La Rivers, 1953
  • Rana meadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana meriani Meyer, 1853
  • Rana miocenica Holman, 1965
  • Rana noeggerathi Meyer, 1952
  • Rana parvissima Taylor, 1942
  • Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana rexroadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana valida Taylor, 1942
  • Ranaria Rafinesque, 1814

一般蛙属的体形颇大，腰部幼长及皱皮。大部份的背部隆起，但却没有蟾蜍的疣。牠们的脚幼长，善于跳跃。后肢上的蹼令牠们在水中可以灵活的运动。牠们背部一般呈绿色及褐色，有深色及黄色的斑点。一些蛙类（如：箭毒蛙）身上有鲜艳的色彩，用做警告敌人：‘我有毒。’

蛙属很多时都在初春繁殖，而生活在亚热带及热带的物种全年都会繁殖。很多雄蛙都会叫，但有一些却不会发声。雌蛙会一排排或球状式产卵，每次可以产达2万颗。

分类

蛙属目前有约90个物种，但其分类则仍有争议[2][3][4]。2006年，Frost等人将本属的部分物种划为独立属别，但后来2016年Yuan等人的研究认为这样的分类会使其他属成为并系群，为了维持本属的单系性，建议使用亚属代替提升为属级的做法[5]。

目前已自立的属有拇棘蛙属（Babina）、Clinotarsus、腺蛙属（Glandirana）、Hydrophylax、水蛙属（Hylarana）、臭蛙属（Odorrana）、侧褶蛙属（Pelophylax）[6]、琴蛙属(Nidirana)[7]、Pulchrana、Sanguirana及Sylvirana。当中臭蛙属是蛙属的近亲，有可能重置于蛙属中。[1][2]

系统分类学

本分类树依照Yuan等人于2016年的论文绘制[8]：

蛙属 Rana
 
 
 

蛙亚属 R. (Rana)

 
 

R. (Amerana)

 
 
 

胫腺蛙亚属 R. (Liuhurana)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

豹蛙亚属 R. (Pantherana)

 
 

兹维斐氏蛙属 R. (Zweifelia)

 
 
 

牛蛙亚属 R. (Lithobates)

 
 
 

R. (Aquarana)

 
 
 

R. sylvatica

 
 
 

物种

截止2022年1月14日，根据 Amphibian Species of the World 中的记录本属包含55种：[9]

  • 黑龙江林蛙 Rana amurensis Boulenger, 1886
  • 田野林蛙 Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842
  • 中亚林蛙 Rana asiatica Bedriaga, 1898
  • 红腿蛙 Rana aurora Baird et Girard, 1852
  • Rana bacboensis Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana bacboensis (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
  • Rana banaorum Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana banaorum (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
  • 黄腿蛙 Rana boylii Baird, 1854
  • 卡斯廸蛙 Rana cascadae Slater, 1939
  • 昭觉林蛙 Rana chaochiaoensis Liu, 1946
  • 中国林蛙 Rana chensinensis David, 1875
  • 峰斑蛙 Rana chevronta Hu et Ye, 1978
  • Rana coerulea Houttuyn, 1787
  • 韩国林蛙 Rana coreana Okada, 1928
  • 徂徕林蛙 Rana culaiensis Li, Lu et Li, 2008
  • Rana cultripes Tschudi, 1838
  • 大别山林蛙 Rana dabieshanensis Wang, Qian, Zhang, Guo, Pan, Wu, Wang et Zhang, 2017[11]
  • 捷蛙 Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840，别名：Rana dalmatina Fitzinger, 1838
  • Rana daorum Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Amolops daorum (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
  • 加州红腿蛙 Rana draytonii Baird et Girard, 1852
  • 东北林蛙 Rana dybowskii Günther, 1876
  • Rana fasciata Burchell, 1824
  • 希腊林蛙 Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891
  • 寒露林蛙 Rana hanluica Shen, Jiang et Yang, 2007[12]
  • Rana hmongorum Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana jingdongensis Fei, Ye & Li, 2001的异名
  • 桓仁林蛙 Rana huanrenensis Fei, Ye et Huang, 1990
  • 休格利蛙 Rana iberica Boulenger, 1879
  • Rana iriodes Bain & Nguyen, 2004[13]，为Amolops iriodes (Bain & Nguyen, 2004)的异名
  • 意大利林蛙 Rana italica Dubois, 1987
  • 日本林蛙 Rana japonica Boulenger, 1879
  • 借母溪林蛙 Rana jiemuxiensis Yan, Jiang, Chen, Fang, Jin, Li, Wang, Murphy, Che et Zhang, 2011
  • 九岭山林蛙 Rana jiulingensis Wan, Lyu et Wang, 2020
  • 越南趾沟蛙 Rana johnsi Smith, 1921
  • Rana kauffeldi Feinberg, Newman, Watkins-Colwell, Schlesinger, Zarate, Curry, Shaffer & Burger, 2014 [14]
  • 琉球林蛙 Rana kobai Matsui, 2011
  • 高原林蛙 Rana kukunoris Nikolskii, 1918
  • 京都林蛙 Rana kyoto Eto, Matsui et Sugahara, 2022
  • Rana lenca Luque-Montes, Austin, Weinfurther, Wilson, Hofmann & Townsend, 2018[15]
  • 拉塔斯蛙 Rana latastei Boulenger, 1879
  • 长脚赤蛙 Rana longicrus Stejneger, 1898
  • 栾川林蛙 Rana luanchuanensis Zhao et Yuan, 2017[16]
  • 哥伦比亚斑点蛙 Rana luteiventris Thompson, 1913
  • 高加索林蛙 Rana macrocnemis Boulenger, 1885
  • 猫儿山林蛙 Rana maoershanensis Lu, Li et Jiang, 2007
  • Rana marginata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Rana matsuoi Eto & Matsui, 2023[17]
  • Rana megatympanum Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana tiannanensis (Yang & Li, 1980)的异名
  • Rana mitrata Houttuyn, 1787
  • Rana morafkai Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana morafkai (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
  • 黄腿山蛙 Rana muscosa Camp, 1917
  • 根羽林蛙 Rana neba Ryuzaki, Hasegawa et Kuramoto, 2014[18]
  • 峨眉林蛙 Rana omeimontis Ye et Fei, 1993
  • 山赤蛙 Rana ornativentris Werner, 1903
  • Rana papillosa Houttuyn, 1787
  • Rana parvipalmata López-Seoane, 1885
  • 北海道林蛙 Rana pirica Matsui, 1991
  • Rana pliocenica Zweifel, 1954
  • 斑点赤蛙 Rana pretiosa Baird et Girard, 1853
  • 希尔卡尼亚林蛙 Rana pseudodalmatina Eiselt et Schmidtler, 1971
  • Rana pusilla (Owen, 1847)
  • 比利牛斯林蛙 Rana pyrenaica Serra-Cobo, 1993
  • 黔江林蛙 Rana qianjiang
  • 流田子蛙 Rana sakuraii Matsui et Matsui, 1990，樱井蛙
  • 桑植蛙 Rana sangzhiensis Shen, 1986，桑植趾沟蛙，为 Pseudorana sangzhiensis (Shen, 1986)的异名
  • 梭德氏赤蛙 Rana sauteri Boulenger, 1909
  • 胫腺蛙 Rana shuchinae Liu, 1950
  • 内华达黄腿林蛙 Rana sierrae Camp, 1917
  • Rana tabaca Bain & Nguyen, 2004[13]，为Odorrana tiannanensis (Yang & Li, 1980)的异名
  • 田子蛙 Rana tagoi Okada, 1928
  • 太行林蛙 Rana taihangensis [19]
  • 塔瓦斯林蛙 Rana tavasensis Baran et Atatür, 1986
  • 林蛙 Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758
  • 对马赤蛙 Rana tsushimensis Stejneger, 1907
  • Rana uenoi Matsui, 2014
  • 冲绳林蛙 Rana ulma Matsui, 2011
  • Rana verrucosa Houttuyn, 1787
  • Rana virescens Kalm[20]
  • 绿林蛙 Rana viridis Garsault, 1764
  • 武夷林蛙 Rana wuyiensis Wu, Shi, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Hoang, Wu et Wang, 2021
  • 郑氏林蛙 Rana zhengi Zhao, 1999
  • 镇海林蛙 Rana zhenhaiensis Ye, Fei et Matsui, 1995
  • 织金林蛙 Rana zhijinensis [21]

参考
  1. Cai, Hong-xia; Che, Jing, Pang, Jun-feng; Zhao, Er-mi & Zhang, Ya-ping. (PDF). Zootaxa. 2007, 1531: 49–55 [2008-10-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-07-19）.
  2. Stuart, Bryan L. . Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 46 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016.
  3. Hillis, D.M. & Wilcox, T.P. (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 34 (2): 299–314 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-05-28）.
  4. Hillis, D. M. (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 42: 331–338 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-09-27）.
  5. Yuan, Zhi-yong; Zhou, Weiwei; Chen, Xin; Poyarkov, Nikolay; Chen, Hong-man; Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong; Chou, Wen-Hao; Matzke, Nicholas; Iizuka, Koji. . Systematic Biology. 2016-06-10, 65: syw055 [2018-12-31]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始内容存档于2019-08-23）.
  6. Dubois, A. & A. Ohler, A. . Zoologica Poloniae. 1995, 39 (3-4): 139–204.
  7. Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. . Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.
  8. Che, Jing; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Kuzmin, Sergius L.; Min, Mi-Sook; Iizuka, Koji; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Chou, Wen-Hao. . Systematic Biology. 2016-09-01, 65 (5): 824–842 [2019-04-04]. ISSN 1063-5157. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始内容存档于2020-06-23） （英语）.
  9. Darrel Frost. 2022. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (2022-01-14). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Rana （页面存档备份，存于）. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
  10. Bain, R.H., A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, N. Orlov, and T.C. Ho. 2003. Cryptic species of a cascade frog from southeast Asia: taxonomic revisions and descriptions of six new species. American Museum Novitates. 3417: 1–60.
  11. Chencheng Wang, Lifu Qian, Chenling Zhang, Weibo Guo, Tao Pan, Jun Wu, Hui Wang and Baowei Zhang. 2017. A New Species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys. 724: 135-153. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.724.19383
  12. 沈猷慧,江建平,杨道德.中国林蛙属(无尾目:蛙科)一新种——寒露林蛙Rana hanluica sp. nov[J].Current Zoology, 2007, 53(3):481-488.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2007.03.011.
  13. Raoul H. Bain and Nguyen Quang Trong. 2004. Herpetofaunal Diversity of Ha Giang Province in Northeastern Vietnam, with Descriptions of Two New Species. American Museum Novitates. 3453
  14. Jeremy A. Feinberg, Catherine E. Newman, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Matthew D. Schlesinger, Brian Zarate, Brian R. Curry, H. Bradley Shaffer and Joanna Burger. 2014. Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (10): e108213 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108213
  15. Ileana Luque-Montes, James D. Austin, Kayla D. Weinfurther, Larry David Wilson, Erich P. Hofmann and Josiah H. Townsend. 2018. An Integrative Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Putative Hybrid Leopard Frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from the Chortís Highlands of Central America, with Description of A New Species. Systematics and Biodiversity. In Press. DOI 10.1080/14772000.2017.1415232
  16. Zhao, H.P., Yang, J.X., Wang, C.P., Li, P.P., Murphy R.W., Che, J. and Yuan, Z.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys, (694), 95–108.
  17. Koshiro Eto and Masafumi Matsui. 2023. A New Brown Frog from the Goto Islands, Japan with Taxonomic Revision on the Subspecific Relationships of Rana tagoi (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Current Herpetology. 42(2): 191-209. DOI: 10.5358/hsj.42.191
  18. Masashi Ryuzaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Mitsuru Kuramoto. 2014. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana from Japan (Anura: Ranidae) revealed by Cytological and Bioacoustic Studies. Alytes. 31(3-4); 49-58.
  19. SHEN H. J., XU M. Y., YANG X. Y., CHEN Z., XIAO N. W., CHEN X. H. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana (Anura, Ranidae) from North China, with a Taxonomic Revision of the R. chensinensis Species Group. Asian Herpetol Res, 2022, 13(3): 145–158. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.210062
  20. Irving, Hardesty. The number and arrangement of the fibers forming the spinal nerves of the frog (Rana virescens)[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1899.
  21. Shasha Yan,Qingqing He,Tao Luo, et al. Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data[J]. Zoological Systematics, 2022, 47(4): 275-292.

外部链接
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：蛙属
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