蒿属

蒿属学名:)又名艾属,古亦称「」(蒿类植物的总称),是菊科中一个大,约有200—400,其中包括许多种常见的药草,以1、2年生草本植物为主,多有浓烈的香味,叶上多具白色绒毛。蒿属主要生长在亚洲欧洲以及北美洲,少数分布在非洲北部和大洋洲地区,纬度跨度大,在温带、寒温带及亚热带地区均有分布。

蒿属
中亚苦蒿()
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 菊目 Asterales
科: 菊科 Asteraceae
亚科: 菊亚科 Asteroideae
总族: 紫菀总族 Asterodae
族: 春黄菊族 Anthemideae
亚族: 菊亚族 Chrysantheminae
属: 蒿属 Artemisia
L., 1753
模式种
北艾 Artemisia vulgaris
L.
异名
  • Abrotanum Duhamel
  • Abrotanum Mill., 1754
  • Absinthium Mill.
  • Artanacetum (Rzazade) Rzazade
  • Artemisiastrum Rydb.
  • Chamartemisia Rydb.
  • Draconia Heist. ex Fabr.
  • Dracunculus Ledeb.
  • Hydrophytum Eschw.
  • Oligosporus Cass.
  • Picrothamnus Nutt.
  • 绢蒿属 Seriphidium (Besser ex Less.) Fourr.
  • Sphaeromeria Nutt.
  • Vesicarpa Rydb.

名称来源

学名 Artemisia 来源于古希腊女神阿耳忒弥斯[1]亦有说法指于公元前 350 年间去世的一名著名植物学家、医学研究者阿尔特米西亚二世[2]

部分物种

本属包括以下物种:

  • 碱蒿 Artemisia abrotanum
  • 中亚苦蒿 Artemisia absinthium
  • 东北丝裂蒿 Artemisia adamsii
  • 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua
  • 奇蒿 Artemisia anomala S. Moore[3]
    • 尾尖奇蒿 Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling[4]
  • 沙篙 Artemisia arenaria ,沙蒿
  • 艾草 Artemisia argyi
  • 银叶蒿 Artemisia argyrophylla
  • 褐头蒿 Artemisia aschurbajewii
  • 银蒿 Artemisia austriaca
  • 巴尔古津蒿 Artemisia bargusinensis
  • Artemisia brevis [5]
  • 矮丛蒿 Artemisia caespitosa
  • Artemisia calcicola X.Q.Guo & L.Wang[6]
  • 荒野蒿 Artemisia campestris
  • 茵𫈟蒿 Artemisia capillaris
  • 青蒿 Artemisia carvifolia
  • 蛔蒿 Artemisia cina
  • 纤杆蒿 Artemisia demissa
  • 中亚草原蒿 Artemisia depauperata
  • 龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus [7]
  • 牛尾蒿 Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser, 1834
  • 垂叶蒿 Artemisia flaccida [8]
  • 绿栉齿叶蒿 Artemisia freyniana
  • 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
  • 亮绿蒿 Artemisia glabella Kar. & Kir., 1841,为Artemisia obtusiloba var. glabra Ledeb.的异名
  • 细裂叶莲蒿 Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm., 1775
  • 纤细绢蒿 Artemisia gracilescens Krasch. & Iljin, 1949
  • 盐蒿 Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Besser, 1835
  • 五月艾 Artemisia indica Willd., 1803
  • 尖裂叶蒿 Artemisia incisa Pamp.
  • 柳叶蒿 Artemisia integrifolia L., 1753
  • 牡蒿 Artemisia japonica Kitam., 1940
  • Artemisia kargilensis L. Ali, A. A. Khuroo & A. H. Ganie, 2023[9]
  • 新疆绢蒿 Artemisia kaschgarica
  • 庵闾 Artemisia keiskeana
  • 掌裂蒿 Artemisia kuschakewiczii
  • 白苞蒿 Artemisia lactiflora
  • 白山蒿 Artemisia lagocephala
  • 宽叶蒿 Artemisia latifolia
  • 白叶蒿 Artemisia leucophylla
  • 滨海牡蒿 Artemisia littoricola
  • 细杆沙蒿 Artemisia macilenta
  • 亚洲大花蒿 Artemisia macrantha
  • 大花蒿 Artemisia macrocephala
  • 中亚旱蒿 Artemisia marschalliana
  • 尖栉齿叶蒿 Artemisia medioxima
  • 垫型蒿 Artemisia minor
  • 蒙古蒿 Artemisia mongolica
  • 矮滨蒿 Artemisia nakaii
  • 西南圆头蒿 Artemisia neosinensis B. H. Jiao & T. G. Gao[10]
  • 玉山艾 Artemisia niitakayamensis
  • 南亚蒿 Artemisia nilagirica
  • 藏旱蒿 Artemisia nortonii [11]
  • 钝裂蒿 Artemisia obtusiloba
  • 川西腺毛蒿 Artemisia occidentalisichuanensis
  • 黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica
  • 滇东蒿 Artemisia orientaliyunnanensis
  • 光沙蒿 Artemisia oxycephala
  • 黑蒿 Artemisia palustris
  • 伊朗蒿 Artemisia persica
  • 纤梗蒿 Artemisia pewzowii
  • 褐苞蒿 Artemisia phaeolepis
  • 西北蒿 Artemisia pontica
  • 魁蒿 Artemisia princeps
  • 灰苞蒿 Artemisia roxburghiana
  • 红足蒿 Artemisia rubripes
  • 岩蒿 Artemisia rupestris
  • 香叶蒿 Artemisia rutifolia [12]
  • 白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum
  • 昆仑沙蒿 Artemisia saposhnikovii
  • 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia
  • 绢毛蒿 Artemisia sericea
  • 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana
  • 准噶尔沙蒿 Artemisia songarica
  • 宽叶山蒿 Artemisia stolonifera
  • 俄罗斯肉质叶蒿 Artemisia succulenta
  • 阴地蒿 Artemisia sylvatica
  • 裂叶蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia
  • 太白山蒿 Artemisia taibaishanensis [13]
  • 裂叶蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia
  • 湿地蒿 Artemisia tournefortiana
  • 三齿蒿 Artemisia tridentata
  • 北艾 Artemisia vulgaris
  • 藏龙蒿 Artemisia waltonii [14]
  • 乌丹蒿 Artemisia wudanica
  • 内蒙古旱蒿 Artemisia xerophytica
  • 亚东蒿 Artemisia yadongensis
  • 藏白蒿 Artemisia younghusbandii
  • 察隅蒿 Artemisia zayuensis
  • 莳萝蒿 Artemisia zhaodongensis
  • 中甸艾 Artemisia zhongdianensis
原本归类于蒿属的物种:
  • 石胡荽 Centipeda minima
  • 狗茴香 Eupatorium capillifolium
  • 线叶菊 Filifolium sibiricum
  • 田基黄 Grangea maderaspatana
  • 同花母菊 Matricaria discoidea

参考数据

  1. 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007: 3804. ISBN 0199206872.
  2. . Emerging Infectious Diseases: 1217–1217. doi:10.3201/eid2007.et2007.
  3. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2021. Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species. Phytotaxa 520: 57–74.
  4. Wang L, Guo X Q, Yang Q E*. 2019. A note on the validation of the name Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 27: 331–332.
  5. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. The identity of Artemisia brevis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Xinjiang, China. Phytotaxa 543: 73–81.
  6. Cheng-Sheng Li, Xiao-Rui Chi, Xin-Qiang Guo and Long Wang. 2022. Artemisia calcicola (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), A New Species from Karst Region in Guizhou, southwestern China. PhytoKeys. 213: 161-167. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.213.96203
  7. Guo X Q, Wang L*. 2022. Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Kew Bulletin 77: 983–985.
  8. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E*. 2021. Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens. Phytotaxa 514: 221–237.
  9. Liyaqat ALI, Anzar Ahmad KHUROO, Aijaz Hassan GANIE and Tajamul ISLAM. 2023. Artemisia kargilensis (Asteraceae), A New Species from Ladakh (Trans-Himalaya), India. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 53(4); 294-300. DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294
  10. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China. Phytotaxa 544: 11–36.
  11. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. Rediscovery of Artemisia nortonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and clarification of its type locality and geographical distribution. Phytotaxa 570 : 283–288.
  12. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2020. Lectotypification of Artemisia rutifolia var. ruoqiangensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Phytotaxa 453: 49–51.
  13. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E*. 2021. Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China. Phytotaxa 487: 125–138.
  14. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2020. Taxonomic notes on Artemisia waltonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of A. kangmarensis and A. conaensis to the synonymy of the type variety. Phytotaxa 450: 149–172.
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