立陶宛市鎮

立陶宛的行政區劃可分為三級。「縣」（）是該國的第一級行政區劃，共有10個。縣下面又可以分為60個「市鎮」（）。這60個市鎮又可分為500多個「長老區」（）。

Map of the European Union with Lithuania highlighted in green
立陶宛在歐洲聯盟中的位置。
立陶宛
Coat of arms of Lithuania
立陶宛政府与政治
系列条目
憲法
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  • 近期選舉
    • 總統大選：2009
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  • 立陶宛主题
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政治主题

立陶宛在脫離蘇聯時，共有44區12市[1]，政區重劃成為新政府的首要任務之一[2]。1992年通過的《立陶宛憲法》賦予國會政區重劃的權力。立陶宛國會遂頒布了兩道基本法令：1993年的法令規範政府代表，1994年的法令規定領土行政單位及其政區邊界[2]。1995年在縣份下又設置「市鎮」的編制，沿用迄今[2]。2000年又做出些許調整，形成現在60市鎮的狀態[3]。

市鎮為立陶宛行政區劃中唯一的自治團體，具有自己的議會[4]。一般市議員四年一任，由比例代表制選舉產生[5]。市長最初是由市議員選舉產生[6]，2015年3月1日起改由市民直選簡單多數決產生，任期亦為四年[4][5]。

維爾紐斯市是立陶宛人口最多的市鎮，約佔該國五分之一的人口（18.6%）。人口最少的市鎮是內林加，人口不到3,000人。陸地面積最大的市鎮是瓦雷納區，面積達2,216 km2。面積最小的市鎮則為阿利图斯市。

市镇类型

立陶宛的60个市镇分为三种类型：

  • 43个地区型市镇（立陶宛語：）。这些市镇大致跟苏联时期的区相对应。在1994年之前它们作为区存在，且现在还通称它们为区。名词“市镇”添加在区之后是为了消除苏联遗留下来的影响（在苏联各地都设有“区”）。
  • 7个城市型市镇（立陶宛語：）。这些市镇位于主要或重要城市周围。在日常用语中它们简称为市或市镇（因为在立陶宛语中“市镇”与城市和城市权更相关联）。
  • 10个市镇（立陶宛語：）。这些市镇成立于1994年之后，在它们的名称中没有“地区”（rajono）的字样。

職力及功能

歐洲聯盟（EU）及北約組織（NATO）等國際組織的參與，是影響立陶宛市鎮職權的最大外部因素。市鎮須提供歐盟委員會一些必要的資訊。而在北約的參與上，市鎮也提供防禦的職能[7]。

A map divided into ten sections all filled in with a different colour and further subdivided into subsections

1 – 維爾紐斯市
2 – 考那斯市
3 – 克萊佩達市

4 – 帕內韋日斯市
5 – 希奧利艾市
6 – 阿利圖斯市

7 – 比爾什托納斯
8 – 帕兰加市
9 – 維薩吉納斯
10 – 內林加

市鎮列表
市鎮 原文名稱 所屬縣份 行政中心[8] 面積（平方公里）[9] 人口（2015年）[9] 人口密度（2015年）[9]
A coat of arms depicting orange tools on a white background on the top and an orange sun on a dark green background on the bottom
阿克梅內區		 Akmenės rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣 新阿克梅內844 km221,33225.3
A coat of arms depicting a white flower in the middle that has a yellow stamen and green leaves all on a red background
阿利圖斯市		 Alytaus miesto savivaldybė阿利圖斯縣阿利图斯40 km255,6141,390.4
A coat of arms depicting three flowers that have red petals, green stalks, and green leaves all sprouting from green earth
阿利圖斯區		 Alytaus rajono savivaldybė阿利圖斯縣 阿利图斯[註 1]1,403 km227,12619.3
A coat of arms depicting a brown bridge rising up out of a blue body of water into a blue sky with white clouds
阿尼克什奇艾區		 Anykščių rajono savivaldybė烏田納縣阿尼克什奇艾1,764 km226,39315.0
A coat of arms depicting a sea creature with sharp teeth, one protruding bottom tooth, and a blowhole spewing water
比爾什托納斯		 Birštono savivaldybė考那斯縣比爾什托納斯122 km24,37135.8
A coat of arms depicting a white flag with a black bird on it with a yellow beak and yellow claws all on a yellow background
比爾扎伊區		 Biržų rajono savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣比爾扎伊1,476 km225,93717.6
A coat of arms depicting three golden crowns with five spikes protruding from their tops all on a blue background
德魯斯基寧凱		 Druskininkų savivaldybė阿利圖斯縣 德魯斯基寧凱453 km220,72845.8
A coat of arms depicting three yellow, diagonal lines zig-zagging from the bottom left to the top right on a grey background
埃萊克特雷奈		 Elektrėnų savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣埃莱克特雷奈509 km224,16447.5
A coat of arms depicting three white flowers lined up vertically with four yellow seeds surrounding each all on a blue background
伊格納利納區		 Ignalinos rajono savivaldybė烏田納縣伊格納利納1,441 km216,80611.7
A coat of arms depicting a white bird with wings outspread, a red beak, and red feet all on a dark blue background
約納瓦區		 Jonavos rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣約納瓦943 km243,87546.5
A coat of arms depicting an angel in full body armour and wings outspread while standing on a green dragon with a twisted tail
約尼什基斯區		 Joniškio rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣約尼什基斯1,151 km223,80720.7
A coat of arms depicting three grey fleurs-de-lis, two directly across from each other at the top and one on the bottom, all on a red background
尤爾巴爾卡斯區		 Jurbarko rajono savivaldybė陶拉格縣尤爾巴爾卡斯1,506 km228,16218.7
A coat of arms depicting four grey horses with red eyes galloping both to the left and to the right all on a black background
凱希亞多里斯區		 Kaišiadorių rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣凱希亞多里斯1,087 km231,91529.4
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a yellow triangle on the right
卡爾瓦里亞		 Kalvarijos savivaldybė馬里揚波萊縣卡爾瓦里亞440 km211,48626.1
A coat of arms depicting a white bull with an angry expression and a golden cross protruding from its head all on a red background
考那斯市		 Kauno miesto savivaldybė考那斯縣考那斯157 km2301,3571919.5
A coat of arms depicting a grey bull's head with a golden cross protruding from the top all on a red crest on a blue background
考那斯區		 Kauno rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣考那斯[註 1]1,495 km288,39659.1
A coat of arms depicting six yellow stars in a diagonal line running from the bottom left to the top right all on a black background
卡茲盧魯達		 Kazlų Rūdos savivaldybė馬里揚波萊縣 卡茲盧魯達555 km212,49422.5
A coat of arms depicting a black wing attached to a black tallon holding a white horseshoe attached to three yellow spurs
凱代尼艾區		 Kėdainių rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣凱代尼艾1,677 km249,93929.8
A coat of arms depicting a white wheel on a light blue background at the top and three white leaves on a green background at the bottom
凱爾梅區		 Kelmės rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣凱爾梅1,705 km229,55917.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden castle with three turrets surrounded with four golden stars all on a red background
克萊佩達市		 Klaipėdos miesto savivaldybė克萊佩達縣克莱佩达99 km2156,1411,577.2
A coat of arms depicting a sword with a gold hilt and a silver blade penetrating a green wreath all on a red background
克萊佩達區		 Klaipėdos rajono savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 加爾格日代1,340 km252,83139.4
A coat of arms depicting a woman clothed in blue and brown wearing a golden crown and carrying a baby all on a grey background
克雷廷加區		 Kretingos rajono savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 克雷廷加989 km239,75840.2
A coat of arms depicting a black, six-pointed star on a golden background on the bottom and grey swirls on a blue background on the top
庫皮什基斯區		 Kupiškio rajono savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣 庫皮什基斯1,080 km218,67817.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden moose with large antlers and a protruding red tongue hovering over three black keys
拉茲迪亞伊區		 Lazdijų rajono savivaldybė阿利圖斯縣 拉茲迪亞伊1,306 km220,81315.9
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is trampling a black dragon all on a yellow background
馬里揚波萊		 Marijampolės savivaldybė馬里揚波萊縣 馬里揚波萊755 km258,02776.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden arrow with a zig-zag in the middle of it pulled back on a golden bow all on a blue background
馬熱伊基艾區		 Mažeikių rajono savivaldybė特爾希艾縣马热伊基艾1,219 km255,44145.5
A coat of arms depicting a golden key on a red background at the top and three blue birds on a white background at the bottom
莫萊泰區		 Molėtų rajono savivaldybė烏田納縣莫莱泰1,367 km219,23314.1
A coat of arms depicting a white "N" on a blue background at the bottom and a series of black and white shapes at the top
內林加		 Neringos savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 尼達90 km22,87932.0
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a golden eye and wings outstretched holding a golden key all on a green background
帕蓋吉艾		 Pagėgių savivaldybė陶拉格縣 帕蓋吉艾536 km28,71116.3
A coat of arms depicting a yellow windmill on a red crest hovering over a black bridge all on a yellow background
帕克魯奧伊斯區		 Pakruojo rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣帕克魯奧伊斯1,315 km221,55516.4
A coat of arms depicting a circle for which the boundary is itself made up of beige circles all under a silver crown on a blue background
帕兰加市		 Palangos miesto savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 帕兰加79 km215,379194.7
A coat of arms depicting a red castle with black double doors, two black windows, and one central tower all standing on black ground
帕內韋日斯市		 Panevėžio miesto savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣 帕內韋日斯50 km295,2021,904.0
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a blue background at the top and a red plowshare on a grey background at the bottom
帕內韋日斯區		 Panevėžio rajono savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣 帕內韋日斯[註 1]2,177 km237,17317.1
A coat of arms depicting the black head of a bull with a golden vine entangled in its black horns and a golden ring protruding from its nose
帕斯瓦利斯區		 Pasvalio rajono savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣 帕斯瓦利斯1,289 km226,21320.3
A coat of arms depicting the Eye of Providence with a blue iris encapsulated in a golden triangle surrounded in golden rays all on a blue background
普倫蓋區		 Plungės rajono savivaldybė特爾希艾縣普倫蓋1,105 km236,05232.6
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is tramplinga green dragon spewing red flames from its mouth
普列奈區		 Prienų rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣普列奈1,032 km228,18127.3
A coat of arms depicting a silver horse that is rearing and neighing all on a dark green background bordered by a thin silver line
拉德維利什基斯區		 Radviliškio rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣拉德維利什基斯1,634 km239,04323.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden lynx with black spots, a red tongue, white teeth, and white claws standing on its back paws on green turf
拉塞尼艾區		 Raseinių rajono savivaldybė考那斯縣拉塞尼艾1,573 km235,01322.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden lion holding a silver-bladed sword in its mouth with a golden hilt and standing on green turf all on a blue background
里塔瓦斯		 Rietavo savivaldybė特爾希艾縣列塔瓦斯586 km28,09613.8
A coat of arms divided into four sections, the top left and bottom right of which are red, the bottom left of which is blue, and the top right of which is golden
羅基什基斯區		 Rokiškio rajono savivaldybė帕內韋日斯縣 羅基什基斯1,806 km232,19117.8
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle with three towers topped by crosses with a human head on the front door all on a blue background
斯庫奧達斯區		 Skuodo rajono savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 斯庫奧達斯911 km218,49820.3
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a red background on the left and six black, curved lines on a grey background on the right
沙基艾區		 Šakių rajono savivaldybė馬里揚波萊縣 沙基艾1,454 km230,32120.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden key overlapping a silver key on a blue background at the top and three golden nuts on a red background on the bottom
沙爾奇寧凱區		 Šalčininkų rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣沙爾奇寧凱1,493 km232,70521.9
A coat of arms depicting a black bear with a silver collar on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a grey triangle on the right
希奥利艾市		 Šiaulių miesto savivaldybė希奧利艾縣希奥利艾81 km2104,5691,291.0
A coat of arms depicting an angry, grey bear with yellow claws and a long, red tongue gripping a yellow axe in its paws all on a blue background
希奧利艾區		 Šiaulių rajono savivaldybė希奧利艾縣希奥利艾[註 1]1,807 km241,76723.1
A coat of arms depicting five red leaves in a straight, horizontal row on a grey background at the top and five grey leaves on a red background at the bottom
希拉萊區		 Šilalės rajono savivaldybė陶拉格縣 希拉萊1,188 km224,86920.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey boat hovering over two partitions of grey water that are themselves hovering over a grey horn all on a green-and-black background
希盧泰區		 Šilutės rajono savivaldybė克萊佩達縣 希盧泰1,714 km241,81424.4
A coat of arms depicting a silver-bladed sword with a golden hilt standing erect between the silver antlers of a silver moose head
希尔温托斯区		 Širvintų rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣希爾溫托斯906 km216,33318.0
A coat of arms depicting a silver fish swimming to the right on the top and another fish swimming to the left on the bottom all on a blue background
什文喬尼斯區		 Švenčionių rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣什文喬尼斯1,691 km225,71915.2
A coat of arms depicting a rounded, silver horn hung up by a rounded, silver strap all on a solid red background bordered by a black line
陶拉格區		 Tauragės rajono savivaldybė陶拉格縣 陶拉格1,179 km241,34135.1
A coat of arms depicting a bishop in brown robes with a brown mitre on his head surrounded by a golden halo looking at another man
特爾希艾區		 Telšių rajono savivaldybė特爾希艾縣特爾希艾1,439 km243,92230.5
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour holding a white spear in his right hand and a red-and-yellow shield in his left hand
特拉凯区		 Trakų rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣特拉凱1,207 km233,43727.7
A coat of arms depicting an open book with a red rose on one page and a red bull on the other all hovering over a red heart with a building in the background
烏克梅爾蓋區		 Ukmergės rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣烏克梅爾蓋1,395 km236,91926.5
A coat of arms depicting a golden horseshoe hovering over a white, 8-point star all on a blue background bordered by a thin, black line
烏田納區		 Utenos rajono savivaldybė烏田納縣乌泰纳1,230 km240,45432.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden scarab with wings and legs outstretched flying over six purple flowers all on a blue background
瓦雷納區		 Varėnos rajono savivaldybė阿利圖斯縣 瓦雷納2,216 km223,52810.6
A coat of arms depicting a large, red fleur-de-lis that has a horizontal symmetry axis all on a blue background bordered by a black line
維爾卡維什基斯區		 Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybė馬里揚波萊縣 維爾卡維什基斯1,262 km239,46531.3
A coat of arms depicting a white man with a white cape holding a golden staff and giving a ride to a white, golden-haloed child on his shoulder
維爾紐斯市		 Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣维尔纽斯400 km2542,6261,356.6
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a black horse and carrying a white spear with a golden blade in his right hand
維爾紐斯區		 Vilniaus rajono savivaldybė維爾紐斯縣维尔纽斯[註 1]2,129 km295,62044.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a long, twisting neck, a yellow, pointy beak, and long yellow legs all on a dark blue background
維薩吉納斯		 Visagino savivaldybė烏田納縣維薩吉納斯58 km220,249349.1
A coat of arms depicting a grey animal with the body of a fish and the head of a deer on a blue background at the top and a sword on the bottom
扎拉賽區		 Zarasų rajono savivaldybė烏田納縣扎拉賽1,331 km217,03512.8

參見
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：立陶宛市鎮

腳註
註釋
  1. 这些市镇的行政中心位于本市镇所辖区域之外。
一般文獻
  • . Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2010-03-30 [2011-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）.
專業文獻
  1. . Council of Europe. January 2000: 9 [2011-02-16]. ISBN 978-92-871-4538-3. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）.
  2. Jolanta Vaičiūnienė. (PDF). Council of Europe. 2008-11-14 [2011-02-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.
  3. Local Economic and Employment Development (Program); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. . OECD Publishing. April 2007: 75 [2011-02-23]. ISBN 978-92-64-02928-6. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）.
  4. . European Committee of The Regions. [2021-06-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07）.
  5. . The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. [2015-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
  6. . www.truelithuania.com. [2021-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）.
  7. (PDF). [2021-06-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-07-16）.
  8. Municipality administrative centers and coats of arms are given by Statistics Lithuania in subpages under the Portrait of the Regions of Lithuania; e.g. Alytus town municipality 的存檔，存档日期2011-05-26..
  9. . Statistics Lithuania. [2016-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）.
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