福钧
福钧(英语:,1812年9月16日—1880年4月13日)[1][2],苏格兰植物学家,受雇于东印度公司,他曾在中国偷走了茶植株。
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出生 | 苏格兰伯立克郡凯洛 | 1812年9月16日
逝世 | 1880年4月13日 | (67岁)
福钧出生于贝里克郡。最早受雇于爱丁堡皇家植物园,稍后转至英国皇家园艺学会在奇西克的植物园,因1842年南京条约他被派至中国从事植物采集。
由于其旅程,导致欧洲引进许多漂亮花卉,但是在稍后担任大不列颠东印度公司在中国的三年采集行程,他剃头伪装成中国人,偷偷引进了2万株茶树至印度的大吉岭。由于他个人的努力,在印度及锡兰引进的茶工业,结束了一直为中国茶垄断的茶市场。他是欧洲人里第一位发现不同茶种,如红茶、绿茶其实是由同一种茶依据有无发酵工序所制成的不同种类。
他后来也曾造访日本,并描述养蚕及种稻。他引进多种树木花卉至西方世界,包括金柑、a climbing double yellow rose ('Fortune's Double Yellow' (syn. Gold of Ophir),在英国栽培失败) 及其他多种植物之不同品种,如芍药、映山红及菊花。在1850年他所带回的一种白色蔷薇,当时被认为是Rosa laevigata及R. banksiae的自然杂交种,学名被冠上福钧以资纪念。这种蔷薇在英国亦无法栽培,但却成为澳洲及美国南部重要的砧木。
以福钧命名的植物
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著作
- Three Years' Wandering in the Northern Provinces of China, A Visit to the Tea, Silk, and Cotton Countries, with an account of the Agriculture and Horticulture of the Chinese, New Plants, etc. (页面存档备份,存于) (1847, John Murray)
- A Journey To The Tea Countries Of China; Including Sung-Lo And The Bohea Hills; With A Short Notice Of The East India Company's Tea Plantations In The Himalaya Mountains. (1852, John Murray)
- Two visits to the tea countries of China and the British tea plantations in the Himalaya: with a narrative of adventures, and a full description of the culture of the tea plant, the agriculture, horticulture, and botany of China (1853, John Murray; LCCN 04-32957; National Library: CAT10983833)
- A Residence Among the Chinese; Inland, On the Coast and at Sea; being a Narrative of Scenes and Adventures During a Third Visit to China from 1853 to 1856, including Notices of Many Natural Productions and Works of Art, the Culture of Silk, &c. (1857, John Murray)
- Yedo and Peking; A Narrative of a Journey to the Capitals of Japan and China, with Notices of the Natural Productions, Agriculture, Horticulture and Trade of those Countries and Other Things Met with By the Way (1863, John Murray)
注释
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Chisholm, Hugh (编). . (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
- "Ten Things…You Never Knew About The Scottish." Britain 79.5 (2011): 98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Nov. 2012.
- . International Plant Names Index.
参考文献
- 本条目包含来自公有领域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (编). . (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
- 莎拉·罗斯(Sarah Rose)《植物猎人的茶盗之旅:改变中英帝国财富版图的茶叶贸易史》(For All the Tea in China: How England Stole the World’s Favorite Drink and Changed History)
- How Robert Fortune found out about the secret of Chinese tea around 1840. (页面存档备份,存于)
自传
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