田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（學名：）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角質口蓋（螺厣），殼口相對比較大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称[4]。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。

田螺科
化石时期：
An alive but retracted individual of Viviparus contectus, showing the 螺厣
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
亚纲： 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda
目： 主扭舌目 Architaenioglossa
总科： 田螺總科 Viviparoidea
科： 田螺科 Viviparidae
J. E. Gray, 1847[2]
多样性[3]
125–150 freshwater species

根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。

分佈

This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲. There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.[5]

分類

舊屬前鰓亞綱的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員[6][7]，約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科[6]：

  • 田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
  • 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
  • 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

屬

田螺科包括下列各屬：

田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833)
    • Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
    • † Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
    • 河螺屬 Rivularia Heude, 1890[8]
    • Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
    • Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
    • 田螺屬 Viviparus Montfort, 1810：模式属，目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有：Vivipara（詞性錯誤，不採用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812

环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937
    • Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
    • 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931[9]
    • 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺蛳属[10][11]
    • Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
    • 环棱螺属 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亞科的模式屬；
    • Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
    • Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
    • 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[10][9]
    • Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
    • Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一個物種，就是Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
    • Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
    • Larina A. Adams, 1851[1]
    • 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只見於中國雲南，和圆田螺属关系较近[10]。
    • 湄公螺屬 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
    • Neclarina Iredale, 1943
    • Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
    • Notopala Cotton, 1935[12]
    • 石田螺屬 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺属关系较近[10]。
    • Taia Annandale, 1918
    • 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013[11]：只見於中國雲南，有兩個物種，均舊屬螺蛳属[10]。
    • † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
    • Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
    • 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974[13]
    • Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
    • Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
    • Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
    • Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
    • Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
    • Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
    • Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863

異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

    • Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
    • 平圓螺屬 Lioplax Troschel, 1856[14]：異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次異名）

亞科地位未定Subfamily [unassigned] Viviparidae (temporary name)
  • †Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002[15]：得名於澳大利亞新南威爾士州的阿爾布（）[15]。
  • †Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006[16] This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
  • †Fretacaeles Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2006
  • †Kaya Van Damme & Pickford, 1999
  • †Lioplacodes Meek, 1864
  • †Macromargarya Ying, Fürsich & Schneider, 2013
  • †Metohia Popović, 1964 ：次異名，因為已有Metohia Absolon, 1927（一種介形綱動物）使用了本屬名。
  • †Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015
  • †Proviviparus
    • †Proviviparus talbragarensis [17]

Life cycle

Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.[18]

参考资料
  1. Kear, B. P.; Hamilton-Bruce, R. J.; Smith, B. J.; Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. . Molluscan Research. 2003, 23 (2): 149–158. doi:10.1071/MR03003 （英语）.
  2. Gray J. E. (November 1847) (1833). "A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types". Proceedings of the Zoological Society in London, 15: 129-182. Viviparidae at page 155.
  3. Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  4. 夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2254.
  6. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. . Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
  7. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. . Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
  8. Van Bocxlaer, Bert; Strong, Ellen E; Richter, Romy; Stelbrink, Björn; Rintelen, Thomas Von. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2017-12-14, 182 (1): 1–23. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx014 （英语）.
  9. (PDF): 11 pp. 2010-07-29 [2010-07-31] （英语）.
  11. Zhang, L. J.; Chen, S. C.; Yang, L. T.; Jin, L.; Köhler, F. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2015, 174 (4): 760–800. doi:10.1111/zoj.12260 可免费查阅.
  12. River Snail (Notopala sublineata) （页面存档备份，存于）. accessed 26 September 2010
  13. Du L.-N., Yang J.-X. & Chen X.-Y. (2011). "A new species of Trochotaia (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae) from Yunnan, China". Molluscan Research 31(2): 85-89. abstract （页面存档备份，存于）
  14. 汶. . 《古生物學報》（Acta Palaeontologica Sinica）. 1977, 16 (2): 191–216 （中文（简体））.
  15. Hamilton-Bruce, R. J.; Smith, B. J.; Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. (PDF). Records of the South Australian Museum. 2002, 35: 193–203 （英语）.
  16. Sivan, N.; Heller, J.; van Damme, D. . Journal of Conchology. 2006, 39 (2): 207–220 [2021-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-08）.
  17. Michael Frese & Winston Ponder (2021) Proviviparus talbragarensis gen. et sp. nov., the first viviparid snail from the Late Jurassic of Australia, Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 45:3, 344-353, DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2021.1940276
  18. Heller, J. . Malacologia. 1990, 31 (2): 259–295.

延伸阅读
  • Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(4): 435–441. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyv019.
  • Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

外部連結
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