CD40

CD40
已知的结构
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1CZZ、1D00、1FLL、1LB6、3QD6、5DMJ、5IHL、5DMI
识别号
别名	CD40；, Bp50, CDW40, TNFRSF5, p50, CD40 (protein), CD40 molecule
外部ID	OMIM：109535 MGI：88336 HomoloGene：954 GeneCards：CD40
相关疾病
	类风湿性关节炎、第三型高IgM症候群[1]
基因位置（人类）
染色体	20号染色体[2]
终止	46,129,863 bp[2]
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠2号染色体[3]
终止	164,914,868 bp[3]
RNA表达模式
	; ; ; ;
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本体
分子功能	• antigen binding; • signal transducer activity; • 血浆蛋白结合; • tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity; • 酶结合; • 泛素蛋白连接酶结合; • protein domain specific binding; • signaling receptor activity;
细胞组分	• 细胞质; • integral component of membrane; • 细胞内膜结合细胞器; • 膜; • 细胞膜; • integral component of plasma membrane; • 细胞外区域; • cell surface; • CD40 receptor complex; • 外排体; • external side of plasma membrane; • 细胞外空间; • neuronal cell body; • varicosity;
生物学过程	• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; • positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; • Akt/PKB信号通路; • positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling; • immune system process; • cellular calcium ion homeostasis; • tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • platelet activation; • multicellular organism development; • B cell activation; • positive regulation of GTPase activity; • response to lipopolysaccharide; • B cell proliferation; • cellular response to mechanical stimulus; • positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process; • regulation of cell population proliferation; • positive regulation of B cell proliferation; • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • defense response to virus; • 免疫反应; • regulation of immune response; • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • apoptotic signaling pathway; • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes; • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • defense response to protozoan; • response to bacterium; • response to nutrient levels; • response to cobalamin; • response to interferon-gamma; • cellular response to erythropoietin; • cellular response to interleukin-1; • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; • response to peptide; • inflammatory response; • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; • positive regulation of angiogenesis; • protein-containing complex assembly;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	958
	21939
	ENSG00000101017
	ENSMUSG00000017652
	P25942
	P27512
NM_001250; NM_001302753; NM_152854; NM_001322421; NM_001322422;
	NM_001362758
	NM_011611; NM_170702; NM_170703; NM_170704
NP_001241; NP_001289682; NP_001309350; NP_001309351; NP_690593;
	NP_001349687
	NP_035741; NP_733803; NP_733804; NP_733805
	维基数据

分化簇40（Cluster of differentiation 40，简称CD40），是一种分布于抗原呈递细胞（APC）的协同刺激因子暨蛋白受体。CD40与辅助型T细胞上的CD154（CD40L）结合后，抗原呈递细胞会活化，并产生一系列下游反应[6]。

CD40缺失会造成第三型高IgM症候群（Hyper-IgM syndrome type 3）[6]。

结构及表达

CD40属于肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族（TNF receptor superfamily）的一员[6]。含有AT钩构型的转译因子AKNA可以协同调控CD40及其配体[7]。

功能

CD40在T细胞相关的免疫和发炎反应具有重要功能，诸如免疫球蛋白类型转换、记忆B细胞发育，以及生发中心形成[6][8]。 B细胞上也有CD40存在，并会与辅助T细胞上的CD40L结合。CD40和CD40L的桥接可以活化B细胞，降低B细胞接触到抗原的反应阈值，使其更容易释放抗体。另外也可以促进B细胞的增殖、同型粘连（homotypic adhesion）、抗体类型转换。在表面蛋白的表达方面，可以刺激MHC class II、CD23、CD25（IL-12R）、CD69、CD44等分子的表达，也会使淋巴球功能性抗原1（LFA-1）的转为高亲合态。在细胞周期方面，则会从间期进入S期，开始进行DNA和RNA的拷贝及合成CD40L[6]。有研究也发现，要活化β淀粉样蛋白的微胶细胞也需要CD40和CD40L的链接，因此可能也与阿兹海默症的病生理学相关[9]。

CD40-CD40L反应在免疫上的角色[6]
	相关	不相关
一般免疫	T细胞启动（priming）决定周边免疫球蛋白的浓度	周边淋巴器官及次级淋巴器官的淋巴球比例
体液免疫	胸腺依赖性抗原（Thymus dependent antigen）的初级抗体反应胸腺依赖性抗原（Thymus dependent antigen）的次级抗体反应及免疫球蛋白类型转换记忆B细胞及生发中心的发育	李斯特菌的廓清对抗多糖体的抗体反应
自体免疫	胶原蛋白引起的关节炎狼疮性肾炎实验性自体免疫脑炎（Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis）
胞杀作用及移植	急性或慢性移植物对抗宿主疾病（GVHD）异体移植的胞杀作用	抗病毒的胞杀反应抗癌细胞的胞杀反应
T细胞选汰	T细胞的胸腺选汰

交互作用

CD40可以与TRAF2[10][11][12]、TRAF3[11][13][14][15]、TRAF6[11][15]、TRAF5[11][16]、TTRAP[17]产生交互作用。TRAF4家族的蛋白质虽不会直接与CD40作用，但可以间接增加CD40的作用[18]。

临床应用

CD40为癌症免疫疗法的潜在标的，目前已经开发出针对该蛋白的刺激性单克隆抗体，以活化树突细胞刺激抗癌T细胞的途径，且已有相关论文发表。现有多项临床研究正在进行[19]。

参考文献

.
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101017 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017652 - Ensembl, May 2017
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Laman, Jon D.; Claassen, Eric; Noelle, Randolph J. . Critical Reviews in Immunology. 2017, 37 (2-6): 371–420 [2021-05-26]. ISSN 1040-8401. doi:10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v37.i2-6.100. （原始内容存档于2021-05-26）（英语）.
Siddiqa, A.; Sims-Mourtada, J. C.; Guzman-Rojas, L.; Rangel, R.; Guret, C.; Madrid-Marina, V.; Sun, Y.; Martinez-Valdez, H. . Nature. 2001-03-15, 410 (6826): 383–387 [2021-05-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11268217. doi:10.1038/35066602. （原始内容存档于2021-05-26）.
Grewal IS, Flavell RA. . Annual Review of Immunology. 1998, 16: 111–35. PMID 9597126. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.111.
Giunta, Brian; Rezai-Zadeh, Kavon; Tan, Jun. . CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets. 2010-04-01, 9 (2): 149–155. doi:10.2174/187152710791012099 （英语）.
McWhirter SM, Pullen SS, Holton JM, Crute JJ, Kehry MR, Alber T. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. July 1999, 96 (15): 8408–13. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.8408M. PMC 17529 . PMID 10411888. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8408.
Tsukamoto N, Kobayashi N, Azuma S, Yamamoto T, Inoue J. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. February 1999, 96 (4): 1234–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1234T. PMC 15446 . PMID 9990007. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1234.
Malinin NL, Boldin MP, Kovalenko AV, Wallach D. . Nature. February 1997, 385 (6616): 540–4. PMID 9020361. S2CID 4366355. doi:10.1038/385540a0.
Hu HM, O'Rourke K, Boguski MS, Dixit VM. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 1994, 269 (48): 30069–72. PMID 7527023.
Ni CZ, Welsh K, Leo E, Chiou CK, Wu H, Reed JC, Ely KR. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 2000, 97 (19): 10395–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9710395N. PMC 27035 . PMID 10984535. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.19.10395.
Roy N, Deveraux QL, Takahashi R, Salvesen GS, Reed JC. . The EMBO Journal. December 1997, 16 (23): 6914–25. PMC 1170295 . PMID 9384571. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.6914.
Ishida TK, Tojo T, Aoki T, Kobayashi N, Ohishi T, Watanabe T, Yamamoto T, Inoue J. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 1996, 93 (18): 9437–42. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.9437I. PMC 38446 . PMID 8790348. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9437.
Pype S, Declercq W, Ibrahimi A, Michiels C, Van Rietschoten JG, Dewulf N, de Boer M, Vandenabeele P, Huylebroeck D, Remacle JE. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. June 2000, 275 (24): 18586–93. PMID 10764746. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000531200 .
Sharma S, Pavlasova GM, Seda V, Cerna KA, Vojackova E, Filip D, Ondrisova L, Sandova V, Kostalova L, Zeni PF, Borsky M, Oppelt J, Liskova K, Kren L, Janikova A, Pospisilova S, Fernandes SM, Shehata M, Rassenti LZ, Jaeger U, Doubek M, Davids MS, Brown JR, Mayer J, Kipps TJ, Mraz M. . Blood. December 2020. PMID 33171493. doi:10.1182/blood.2020005627 .
Vonderheide RH. . Cancer Cell. April 2018, 33 (4): 563–569. PMC 5898647 . PMID 29634944. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.008.

外部链接

Human CD40 genome location and CD40 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
PDBe-KB （页面存档备份，存于） provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 (CD40)

延伸阅读

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Banchereau J, Bazan F, Blanchard D, Brière F, Galizzi JP, van Kooten C, Liu YJ, Rousset F, Saeland S. . Annual Review of Immunology. 1994, 12: 881–922. PMID 7516669. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.004313.
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[1] .

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101017 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017652 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[:0-6] Laman, Jon D.; Claassen, Eric; Noelle, Randolph J. . Critical Reviews in Immunology. 2017, 37 (2-6): 371–420 [2021-05-26]. ISSN 1040-8401. doi:10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v37.i2-6.100. （原始内容存档于2021-05-26）（英语）.

[7] Siddiqa, A.; Sims-Mourtada, J. C.; Guzman-Rojas, L.; Rangel, R.; Guret, C.; Madrid-Marina, V.; Sun, Y.; Martinez-Valdez, H. . Nature. 2001-03-15, 410 (6826): 383–387 [2021-05-26]. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11268217. doi:10.1038/35066602. （原始内容存档于2021-05-26）.

[8] Grewal IS, Flavell RA. . Annual Review of Immunology. 1998, 16: 111–35. PMID 9597126. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.111.

[9] Giunta, Brian; Rezai-Zadeh, Kavon; Tan, Jun. . CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets. 2010-04-01, 9 (2): 149–155. doi:10.2174/187152710791012099 （英语）.

[pmid10411888-10] McWhirter SM, Pullen SS, Holton JM, Crute JJ, Kehry MR, Alber T. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. July 1999, 96 (15): 8408–13. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.8408M. PMC 17529 . PMID 10411888. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8408.

[pmid9990007-11] Tsukamoto N, Kobayashi N, Azuma S, Yamamoto T, Inoue J. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. February 1999, 96 (4): 1234–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1234T. PMC 15446 . PMID 9990007. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1234.

[pmid9020361-12] Malinin NL, Boldin MP, Kovalenko AV, Wallach D. . Nature. February 1997, 385 (6616): 540–4. PMID 9020361. S2CID 4366355. doi:10.1038/385540a0.

[pmid7527023-13] Hu HM, O'Rourke K, Boguski MS, Dixit VM. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 1994, 269 (48): 30069–72. PMID 7527023.

[pmid10984535-14] Ni CZ, Welsh K, Leo E, Chiou CK, Wu H, Reed JC, Ely KR. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 2000, 97 (19): 10395–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9710395N. PMC 27035 . PMID 10984535. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.19.10395.

[pmid9384571-15] Roy N, Deveraux QL, Takahashi R, Salvesen GS, Reed JC. . The EMBO Journal. December 1997, 16 (23): 6914–25. PMC 1170295 . PMID 9384571. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.6914.

[pmid8790348-16] Ishida TK, Tojo T, Aoki T, Kobayashi N, Ohishi T, Watanabe T, Yamamoto T, Inoue J. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 1996, 93 (18): 9437–42. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.9437I. PMC 38446 . PMID 8790348. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9437.

[pmid10764746-17] Pype S, Declercq W, Ibrahimi A, Michiels C, Van Rietschoten JG, Dewulf N, de Boer M, Vandenabeele P, Huylebroeck D, Remacle JE. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. June 2000, 275 (24): 18586–93. PMID 10764746. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000531200 .

[pmid33171493-18] Sharma S, Pavlasova GM, Seda V, Cerna KA, Vojackova E, Filip D, Ondrisova L, Sandova V, Kostalova L, Zeni PF, Borsky M, Oppelt J, Liskova K, Kren L, Janikova A, Pospisilova S, Fernandes SM, Shehata M, Rassenti LZ, Jaeger U, Doubek M, Davids MS, Brown JR, Mayer J, Kipps TJ, Mraz M. . Blood. December 2020. PMID 33171493. doi:10.1182/blood.2020005627 .

[19] Vonderheide RH. . Cancer Cell. April 2018, 33 (4): 563–569. PMC 5898647 . PMID 29634944. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.008.