𱁬
𱁬(,日语发音可作、或等[1][2])是一个日本和制汉字,以其84划的总笔画数使之成为目前图形上最复杂的CJK文本。这个罕见而复杂的汉字将36画的汉字“䨺”(三重“云”,意为多云)以图形叠加的方式置于48画的“龘”(三重“龙”,意即龙腾飞的样子)之上。除该字之外第二复杂的CJK汉字是58画的汉字“𰻞”(biáng,
),后者用于指代一种流行于陕西关中地区的油泼扯面。


字源
组成“”字的上下汉字结构均为会意字,其上半部分由多个12划的汉字“”组成,视异体字不同可三重叠加为36画的“䨺”(中文发音作“”,意为多云)或四重叠加为48画的“𩇔”(中文发音作“”,意为大范围多云);而下半部分则由16划的汉字“”重叠组成,既可双重叠加为32画的“龖”或三重叠加为48画的“龘”(均读作“”,意为龙飞翔的模样,两字为异体字关系),也可四重叠加为64画的“𪚥”(中文发音作“”,为“詟”的异体字,意为喋喋不休或多嘴)。
该字最常见的有两种异体字(见右图),二者主要的区别在于第一个“龙”字的位置。 在异体字1(读作“daito”或“otodo”)中,第一个龙字写在第二个和第三个云字之间,从第25划起开始写;在异体字2(读作“taito”)中,第一个龙字写在第三个云字之下,从第37划起开始写。
用途
一些专业的日语词典当中可能会收录该字符。Ono 和 Fujita (1977) 的读音困难的日本人名词典中收录了发音为daito或otodo的异体字1。而Ōsuga (1964) 的姓氏词典以及 Sugaware 和 Hida (1990) 的国字词典中则包含了发音为taito的变体字2。
这个由84画汉字书写的死语于2000年在现实中被真正采纳为名字,当时千叶县北松户站附近的一家拉面店使用发音为Otodo的变体字1命名(Sasahara 2001)。

中文词典
Unabridged dictionaries of Chinese characters do not include either Japanese 84-stroke taito variant. Both Morohashi Tetsuji's Chinese-Japanese Dai Kan-Wa jiten, which has 49,964 head entries for characters, and the Chinese Hanyu Da Zidian (1989), which has 54,678, list the three most graphically complex characters as the 52-stroke Japanese hō or bō and Chinese bèng 䨻 "sound of thunder" (with quadruple 雷 "thunder"; 1960: 12693, 1989 6: 4085), 64-stroke tetsu or techi and zhé 𪚥 "chatter; be garrulous" (with quadruple 龙 "dragon"; 13747, 7: 4806), and 64-stroke sei and zhéng 𠔻 "meaning unknown" (with quadruple 兴 "rise"; 9816, 1: 254)—the first occurrence of the ghost word 𠔻 was in Sima Guang's (1066) Leipian dictionary, which gives the pronunciation gloss zhèng 政 but no semantic gloss.
编码
Some extensive encoding systems for Japanese kanji (preceding Unicode) include taito variant character 2. The superseded Mojikyo font, which comprised 142,228 rare and obsolete characters, included it as number [066147]. The deprecated BTRON Business computer architecture TRON project (TRON stands for "The Real-time Operating system Nucleus") also included taito [3-7D6B], and it was included in the font under development by the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies's Jitī shotai GT书体 project.
In December 2015 it was included in document IRGN2107 as one of 1,640 characters submitted to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group for encoding in Unicode (character source reference UTC-02960).[3] The character was provisionally included in "IRG Working Set 2015", which are candidates for inclusion in a future CJK Unified Ideographs extension.[4]
This character was added to Unicode version 13.0 in March 2020. The character is located at U+3106C (𱁬) in the CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G block in the newly-allocated Tertiary Ideographic Plane.[5]
参考文献
- 『読売新闻』朝刊2020年10月8日【言の叶巡り】最多84画の元幽霊文本(编集委员 伊藤刚寛)
- 辞书になかった最多画数の汉字「幽霊文本」の怪…「タイト」さんをご存じないですか? (页面存档备份,存于)、読売新闻オンライン、2020年11月21日
- . Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 12 December 2015 [2023-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-28).
- . Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 23 January 2016 [2023-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-28).
- (PDF). Unicode: 454. 11 March 2020 [2023-09-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-24).
书目
- Carr, Michael (1986), "Semantic Crystals in Chinese Characters (页面存档备份,存于)", Review of Liberal Arts (人文研究), 71:79-97.
- Halpern, Jack (1981), "The Sound of One Land" (part 9), "A Method in the Madness" PHP, December 1981: 73–80.
- Hanyu da zidian weiyuanhui 汉语大字典委员会, eds. (1989), Hanyu Da Zidian 汉语大字典 [Comprehensive Chinese Character Dictionary], 8 vols., Hubei cishu chubanshe and Sichuan cishu chubanshe. (中文)
- Morohashi Tetsuji (1960), Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大汉和辞典 [Comprehensive Chinese-Japanese Character Dictionary], 13 vols.,Taishukan. (日语)
- Needham, Joseph (1954), Science and Civilisation in China, Introductory Orientations, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press.
- Ōno, Shirō 大野史朗 and Fujita, Yutaka 藤田豊 (1977), Nandoku seishi jiten 难読姓氏辞典 [Dictionary of Names with Difficult Readings], Tōkyōdō Shuppan. (日语)
- Ōsuga, Tsuruhiko 大须贺鹤彦 (1964), Jitsuyō seishi jiten 実用姓氏辞典 Practical Dictionary of Surnames, Mēringu. (日语)
- Sasahara Hiroyuki 笹原宏之 (2011), 汉字の现在 第82回 幽霊文本からキョンシー文本へ? (页面存档备份,存于) [From ghost character to vampire character?], 三省堂辞书サイト Sanseido Word-Wise Web, 8 February 2011. (日语)
- Sugawara, Yoshizō 菅原义三 and Hida, Yoshifumi 飞田良文 (1990), Kokuji no jiten 国字の字典 [Dictionary of Kokuji], Tōkyōdō. (日语)
外部链接
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:𱁬
维基词典中的词条「𱁬」
- character 66147, Mojikyo entry for variant 2
- character GT-57123 or u2ff1-u4a3a-u9f98 (页面存档备份,存于), GT entry for variant 2, GlyphWiki