𫚉科

𫚉科学名Dasyatidae英语:),又名土𫚉科,是软骨鱼纲燕𫚉目的一。身长范围大约在 0.18至2.6米(0.59至8.53英尺) 之间。

𫚉科
化石时期:
蓝斑条尾𫚉Taeniura lymma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目: 鲼目 Myliobatiformes
亚目: 鲼亚目 Myliobatoidei
科: 𫚉科 Dasyatidae
Jordan, 1888

见内文

异名

Trygonidae

𫚉(满天星)

分布

本科鱼类广泛分布于全球各大洋热带温带海域,并能进入非洲亚洲、美洲与澳洲的某些河口及淡水流域。[2][3]

深度

水深3至200公尺以上。

分类

𫚉科下分12个属,如下:

双褶𫚉属Amphotistius

  • 覆瓦双褶𫚉 Amphotistius imbricatus
  • 老挝双褶𫚉 Amphotistius laosensis
  • 大西洋双褶𫚉 Amphotistius sabina

Brevitrygon

  • Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852)
  • Brevitrygon imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
  • Brevitrygon javaensis (Last & White, 2013)
  • Brevitrygon manjajiae Last, Weigmann & Naylor, 2024[4]
  • Brevitrygon walga (Müller & Henle, 1841)

𫚉属Dasyatis

河盘𫚉属Disceus

半𫚉属Hemitrygon

窄尾𫚉属Himantura

新𫚉属Neotrygon

  • Neotrygon bobwardi Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
  • Neotrygon caeruleopunctata Last, White & Serét, 2016[6]
  • Neotrygon indica Pavan-Kumar, Kumar & Borsa, 2017[7]
  • 古氏土𫚉 Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841):又称古氏𫚉。[6]
  • Neotrygon malaccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
  • Neotrygon moluccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
  • Neotrygon ningalooensis Last, White & Puckridge, 2010[8]
  • Neotrygon orientale Last, White & Serét, 2016[6]
  • 似新𫚉 Neotrygon trigonoidae
  • Neotrygon vali Borsa, 2017[9]
  • Neotrygon westpapuensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]

副江𫚉属Paratrygon

  • 巴西副江𫚉 Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841)
  • Paratrygon orinocensis Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021
  • Paratrygon parvaspina Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021

萝卜𫚉属Pastinachus

  • 褶尾萝卜𫚉 Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål, 1775)

近江𫚉属Plesiotrygon

  • 近江𫚉 Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987
  • 矮身近江𫚉 Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, 2011[10]

翼𫚉属Pteroplatytrygon

  • 紫𫚉 Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)

河𫚉属Potamotrygon

  • 绿豆𫚉 Potamotrygon castex
  • 卡氏江𫚉 Potamotrygon falkneri
  • 金点𫚉 Potamotrygon henlei
  • 龟甲𫚉 potamotrygon humerosa
  • 黑白𫚉 Potamotrygon leopoldi
  • 帝王𫚉 Potamotrygon menchacai
  • 珍珠𫚉 Potamotrygon motoro
  • 迷你𫚉 Potamotrygon reticulata

条尾𫚉属Taeniura

沙粒𫚉属Urogymnus

  • Urogymnus acanthobothrium Last, White, Kyne, 2016[11]
  • 糙沙粒𫚉 Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
  • 德利窄尾𫚉 Urogymnus dalyensis (Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008)
  • Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883)
  • Urogymnus lobistoma (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006)
  • 南非沙粒𫚉 Urogymnus natalensis
  • 多鳞沙粒𫚉 Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852):又称黄貂鱼、查菲窄尾𫚉。

特征

𫚉科鳐科鱼不同的地方是腰带中轴软骨是弯的,因此体盘中间圆滑的鼓起,不像鳐科鱼中间有一明显的鼓棱。𫚉科鱼体盘宽小于体盘的长,尾细长,较体常之左右径为长。尾部上方具有毒强棘1枚,平扁,有向下之锯齿。口底乳突长短不一。𫚉鱼尾部的刺有剧毒,一旦被刺伤会有强烈的疼痛,如果患者拖太久没送医急救可能会危及生命,在海边逗𫚉鱼玩不慎被刺伤的话要马上泡热水防止毒性导致心脏衰竭,并且赶紧就医观察6小时。

生态

本科鱼类广泛分布于全球各大洋,河流。有些具有地域性,大部分为海水鱼,有时见于河口,一部分则生活于南美洲、非洲及东南亚淡水水域。活动力差,通常将身体埋于沙泥中,仅露出双眼和呼吸孔,或利用胸鳍做波浪状的运动而贴游于底层水域。属肉食性,以小鱼、甲壳类及软件动物为食。卵胎生。

经济利用

产自泰国清迈的𫚉鱼皮钱包

食用鱼,但味道较腥,以红烧为宜,或当作下杂鱼处理。鱼皮可制成各种皮带,皮包等用品。

参考文献

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:𫚉科
  1. M Puckridge, PR Last, WT White and N Andreakis (2012) Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic. Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.448.
  2. 李思忠《黄河鱼类志:黄河鱼类专着及鱼类学文选》 页面存档备份,存于,水产出版社,2015年,ISBN 9789578596771;中国海洋大学出版社,2017年,ISBN 9787567015371。
  3. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2006). Urogymnus dalyensis. FishBase. Version 2006-04.
  4. Peter R. Last, Simon Weigmann and Gavin J. P. Naylor. 2024. The Indo-Pacific Stingray Genus Brevitrygon (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae): Clarification of Historical Names and Description of a New Species, B. manjajiae sp. nov., from the Western Indian Ocean. Diversity. 15(12), 1213. DOI: 10.3390/d15121213
  5. Philippe Borsa, Irma S. Arlyza, Thierry B. Hoareau and Kang-Ning Shen. 2017. Diagnostic Description and Geographic Distribution of Four New Cryptic Species of the Blue-spotted Maskray Species Complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA Sequences. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-018-7056-2
  6. Peter R. Last, William T. White and Bernard Séret. 2016. Taxonomic Status of Maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the Description of Three New species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa. 4083(4); 533-561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.5
  7. Annam Pavan-Kumar, Rajan Kumar and Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon indica sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean Blue-spotted Maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae). bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/179911
  8. Peter R. Last, William T. White and Melody Puckridge. 2010. Neotrygon ningalooensis n. sp. (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae), A New Maskray from Australia. aqua: International Journal of Ichthyology. 16(2): 37–50.
  9. Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon vali (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), A New Blue-spotted Maskray from the Solomon Archipelago Described from Its DNA Barcode. bioRxiv preprint. DOI: 10.1101/106682
  10. Marcelo R. de Carvalho and Maíra Ragno. 2010. An Unusual, Dwarf New Species of Neotropical Freshwater Stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the Upper and Mid Amazon Basin: The Second Species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 51(7):101-138. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492011000700001
  11. Peter R Last, William T White, Peter M Kyne. 2016. Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., A New Euryhaline Whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4147(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.4

参照

外部连接

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