骨炭
骨炭(Bone char),或稱骨黑(Bone black),是將動物的骨頭炭化(charring)後所得到的炭,為多孔隙物質。其主要成分包括了磷酸钙(或羥磷灰石)57-80%、碳酸鈣 6-10%,與活性炭 7-10%.[1]
應用
水處理
雖然骨炭具有的表面積較活性炭為低,但足以吸附如12族元素,包括铜、锌、镉等重金屬。[3]目前亦有研究將骨炭用於铅[4]與砷[5]之吸附與移除。
由於含有磷酸钙,骨炭亦可移除水中的氟化物[6]與金屬離子,是目前已知最早用於除去水中氟化物的方法,並曾廣泛使用於1940年代至1960年代的美國。[7]也由於骨炭原料取得容易且生產方式簡單,部分開發中國家如坦桑尼亚等均仍在使用骨炭。[8]
參考資料
- Fawell, John. 1st published. Geneva: WHO. 2006: 47. ISBN 9241563192.
- . [2016-04-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-08).
- Ko, Danny C.K.; Porter, John F.; McKay, Gordon. . Chemical Engineering Science. December 2000, 55 (23): 5819–5829. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00416-4.
- Deydier, Eric; Guilet, Richard; Sharrock, Patrick. . Journal of Hazardous Materials. July 2003, 101 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00137-7.
- Chen, Yun-Nen; Chai, Li-Yuan; Shu, Yu-De. . Journal of Hazardous Materials. December 2008, 160 (1): 168–172. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.120.
- Medellin-Castillo, Nahum A.; Leyva-Ramos, Roberto; Ocampo-Perez, Raul; Garcia de la Cruz, Ramon F.; Aragon-Piña, Antonio; Martinez-Rosales, Jose M.; Guerrero-Coronado, Rosa M.; Fuentes-Rubio, Laura. . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. December 2007, 46 (26): 9205–9212. doi:10.1021/ie070023n.
- Horowitz, HS; Maier, FJ; Law, FE. . Public health reports. Nov 1967, 82 (11): 965–72. PMC 1920070 . PMID 4964678. doi:10.2307/4593174.
- Mjengera, H.; Mkongo, G. . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. January 2003, 28 (20-27): 1097–1104. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.030.
- Asadi, Mosen. . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 333. ISBN 9780471790983.
- Chou, ed. by Chung Chi. . New York, NY [u.a.]: Wiley. 2000: 368–369. ISBN 9780471183570.
- Bomford D, Kirby J, Leighton, J., Roy A., Art in the Making: Impressionism. National Gallery Publications, London, 1990, pp. 112-119
- Édouard Manet, 'Music in the Tuileries Gardens' (页面存档备份,存于), ColourLex
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