錫吉勒馬薩
錫吉勒馬薩 （阿拉伯语：，柏柏爾語：）是位於摩洛哥撒哈拉沙漠的一座中世纪城市和贸易轉口港。历史上錫吉勒馬薩經常遭到柏柏尔人入侵。 [1]18世纪，穆萊·伊斯梅爾下令重建錫吉勒馬薩。 1818年，錫吉勒馬薩被艾特阿塔游牧部落征服後又被摧毁。
錫吉勒馬薩
參考書目
- Boone, James L.; Myers, J. Emlen; Redman, Charles L., , American Anthropologist, 1990, 92 (3): 630–646, doi:10.1525/aa.1990.92.3.02a00050.
- Gibb, H.A.R.; Beckingham, C.F. (编), , London: Hakluyt Society, 1994, ISBN 978-0-904180-37-4. This volume was translated by Beckingham after Gibb's death in 1971.
- Hirschberg, H.Z., , New York: Brill Academic, 1974.
- Ibn Khaldun, , Franz Rosenthal, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1958.
- Levtzion, Nehemia, , Journal of African History, 1968, 9 (2): 223–233, JSTOR 179561, S2CID 162076182, doi:10.1017/S0021853700008847.
- Levtzion, Nehemia, , London: Methuen, 1973, ISBN 0-8419-0431-6.
- Levtzion, Nehemia, , Grand Rapids, MI: Variorum, 1994, ISBN 0-86078-444-4.
- Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P. (编), , New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, 2000, ISBN 1-55876-241-8. First published in 1981.
- Lightfoot, Dale R.; Miller, James A., (PDF), Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1996, 86: 78–101, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01746.x.
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