过去完成时

过去完成时（英语：pluperfect tense，来自拉丁语 plus quam perfectum 更加完成），在英语中也叫做“past perfect”，是存在于多数印欧语言中一种完成性时态，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

过去完成时的类型

一般上有两类过去完成时，对应于两类完成:

状态的过去完成时。把某个事件的结果关联于在过去时叙述期间的这个事件:“He saw that the door had opened, and children were running through it.” 几乎同于“...He saw that the door was open, and children...” 。状态的过去完成时，在与这个行动事实的结合上，位于过去时态(the door opened yesterday) 和是过去分词的表语形容词(the door was open since yesterday)的中间。
行动的过去完成时。一系列过去完成时句子传达一个叙述。这种过去完成时更加密切的联合于英语中平常的过去时态。它只充当把叙述放置于“更远的过去”中，而不用确定它的特定时间或持续时间，比如:“He had risen early that morning and had drunk coffee earlier than usual.”

英语	德语	拉丁语	罗马尼亚语	葡萄牙语	西班牙语	意大利语	法语
I had heard	ich hatte gehört	audiveram	auzisem	ouvira / tinha ouvido / havia ouvido	había oído	avevo sentito	j'avais entendu
you had heard	du hattest gehört	audiverās	auziseşi	ouviras / tinhas ouvido / havias ouvido	habías oído	avevi sentito	tu avais entendu
he/she had heard	er/sie hatte gehört	audiverat	auzise	ouvira / tinha ouvido / havia ouvido	había oído	aveva sentito	il/elle avait entendu
we had heard	wir hatten gehört	audiverāmus	auziserăm	ouvíramos / tínhamos ouvido / havíamos ouvido	habíamos oído	avevamo sentito	nous avions entendu
you had heard	ihr hattet gehört	audiverātis	auziserăţi	ouvíreis / tínheis ouvido / havíeis ouvido	habíais oído	avevate sentito	vous aviez entendu
they had heard	sie hatten gehört	audiverant	auziseră	ouviram / tinham ouvido / haviam ouvido	habían oído	avevano sentito	ils avaient entendu

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