芭蕉属

芭蕉属（学名：）是姜目芭蕉科下的一个属，为大型草本植物。该属共有30种及很多变种，主要产自东半球的热带地区。[2]

芭蕉屬
摄于美国夏威夷州茂宜县的香蕉树
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支： 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目： 目 Zingiberales
科： 芭蕉科 Musaceae
亚科： 芭蕉亚科 Musoideae
属： 芭蕉屬 Musa
L., 1753[1]
模式種
香蕉
Musa × paradisiaca
L., 1753
多样性
逾30种
異名
  • Karkandela Raf.

属名Musa为纪念古罗马国王的医生Antonio Musa而命名。

品種

經濟栽培種

以台灣為例，如：北蕉、台蕉二號、寶島蕉（AAA）、台蕉 5 號（AAA）、台蕉 6 號（AAA）等。[3]

芭蕉種

以台灣所栽培的品種為例，如：旦蕉(AA)、玫瑰蕉、紅皮蕉、呂宋蕉、假呂宋蕉、南華蕉等。[3]

觀賞蕉種

本属包括以下品種，有觀花，亦有觀葉品種[3][4]：

  • 小果野蕉 Musa acuminata Colla
    • 斑葉蕉 Musa acuminata subsp. zebrina
    • 中华小果野蕉 Musa acuminata var. chinensis Häkkinen & H.Wang
    • 美叶芭蕉 Musa acuminata var. sumatrana (Becc.) Nasution
  • 橙苞芭蕉 Musa aurantiaca G. Mann ex Baker
  • 金嘴红蕉 Musa beccarii N.W.Simmonds
  • 野蕉 Musa balbisiana Colla
  • 芭蕉 Musa basjoo Siebold
  • 腊紅夢幻蕉 Musa beccarii N.W.Simmonds, 1960
  • 婆罗芭蕉 Musa borneensis Becc.
  • 千層蕉 Musa chiliocarpa Backer ex K.Heyne, 1922，为Musa ×paradisiaca L.的异名
  • 钟氏野香蕉 Musa chunii Häkkinen
  • 紅蕉 Musa coccinea Andr.
  • 台湾芭蕉 Musa formosana (Wall.) Hayata
  • Musa haekkinenii N.S.Lý & Haev. [5]
  • 擎天蕉 Musa ingens N.W.Simmonds
  • 岛山芭蕉 Musa insularimontana Hayata
  • 阿宽蕉 Musa itinerans Cheesm.
    • 中国阿宽蕉 Musa itinerans var. chinensis Häkkinen
    • 广东阿宽蕉 Musa itinerans var. guangdongensis Häkkinen
      • 阿宽蕉(原变种) Musa itinerans var. itinerans
    • 乐昌阿宽蕉 Musa itinerans var. lechangensis Häkkinen
    • 版纳阿宽蕉 Musa itinerans var. xishuangbannaensis
  • 橘紅夢幻蕉 Musa laterita Cheesman，砖红芭蕉
  • 手指蕉 Musa lawitiensis Nasution & Supard.
  • 洋红芭蕉 Musa mannii H.Wendl. ex Baker
  • Musa nagalandiana S.Dey & Gogoi, 2014[6]
  • 黄苞芭蕉 Musa nagensium Prain
  • Musa nanensis Swangpol & Traiperm[7]
  • 紫夢幻蕉 Musa ornata Roxb., 1824，紫苞芭蕉
  • 拟红蕉 Musa paracoccinea A.Z.Liu & D.Z.Li
  • Musa paramjitiana L. J. Singh[8]
  • 阿希蕉 Musa rubra Wall. ex Kurz
  • 红矮芭蕉 Musa rubinea Häkkinen & C.H.Teo
  • 血红蕉 Musa sanguinea Hook. f.
  • 泰国芭蕉 Musa siamensis Häkkinen & Rich.H.Wallace
  • 亮果芭蕉 Musa splendida A.Chev.
  • 蕉麻 Musa textilis Née
  • 穴芭蕉 Musa troglodytarum L.
  • 红花蕉 Musa uranoscopos Lour.
  • 紫蕉 Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude，朝天蕉
  • 雅美芭蕉 Musa yamiensis C.L.Yeh & J.H.Chen
  • 云南芭蕉 Musa yunnanensis Häkkinen & H.Wang
    • 多毛云南芭蕉 Musa yunnanensis var. caii Häkkinen & H.Wang
    • 景东云南芭蕉 Musa yunnanensis var. jingdongensis Häkkinen & H.Wang
    • 永平芭蕉 Musa yunnanensis var. yongpingensis Häkkinen & H.Wang
      • 云南芭蕉(原变种) Musa yunnanensis var. yunnanensis
  • 再富芭蕉 Musa zaifui Häkkinen & H.Wang
杂交种
  • Musa × formobisiana [9] H.-L. Chiu, C.-T. Shii & T.-Y.A. Yang
  • 大蕉 Musa × paradisiaca L.
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Belle'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Dwarf Orinoco'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Ele-ele'
  • Musa × paradisiaca GOLDFINGER
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Hajare'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Hua Moa'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Malbhog'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Monthan'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Mysore'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Ney Mannan'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Ney Poovan'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Pisang Awak'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Pisang Seribu'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Pome'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Popoulu'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Rajapuri'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Saba'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Safet Velchi'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Silk'
  • Musa × paradisiaca 'Yawa Dwarf'
  • Musa acuminata 'Grand Nain' × Musa acuminata 'Zebrina'
栽培种
  • Musa 'Butuhan'
  • Musa 'Cavendish Super Dwarf'
  • Musa 'Cavendish Zan Moreno'
  • Musa 'Darjeeling Giant'
  • Musa 'Fhia-01'
  • Musa 'Ghew-kera'
  • Musa 'Ice Cream'
  • Musa 'Koba Dwarf'
  • Musa 'Kru'
  • Musa 'Orange'
  • Musa 'Royal Pink'
  • Musa 'Royal Purple'
  • Musa 'Royal Red'
  • Musa 'Saba'
  • Musa 'Santa Morelli'
  • Musa 'Thousand Finger'
  • Musa 'Tiger Stripes'
  • Musa 'Tropicana'
  • Musa 'Utafan'
  • Musa 'Violacea'
  • Musa 'Wompa'
  • Musa accuminata 'Balbisiana'
  • Musa acuminata 'Bordelon'
  • Musa 'Burmese Blue'
  • Musa acuminata 'Buitenzorg'
  • Musa acuminata 'Double'
  • Musa acuminata 'Dwarf Cavendish'
  • Musa acuminata 'Dwarf Red'
  • Musa acuminata 'Dwarf Red Jamaican'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban916'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban917'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban918'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban919'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban920'
  • Musa acuminata 'Flhorban921'
  • Musa acuminata 'Giant Cavendish'
  • Musa acuminata 'Grand Nain'
  • Musa acuminata 'Igitsiri'
  • Musa acuminata 'Iholena Ula'ula' '
  • Musa acuminata 'Kru'
  • Musa acuminata 'Lacatan'
  • Musa acuminata 'Mai'a oa'
  • Musa acuminata 'Malaysian Blood'
  • Musa acuminata 'Monyet'
  • Musa acuminata 'Pink Striped'
  • Musa acuminata 'Pisang Berlin'
  • Musa acuminata 'Pisang Jari Buaya'
  • Musa acuminata 'Pisang Lidi'
  • Musa acuminata 'Pisang Masak Hijau'
  • Musa acuminata 'Red Iholena'
  • Musa acuminata 'Robusta'
  • Musa acuminata 'Rose'
  • Musa acuminata 'Siam Ruby'
  • Musa acuminata 'Tapo'
  • Musa acuminata 'Tuu Ghia'
  • Musa acuminata 'White Iholena'
  • Musa acuminata 'Williams'
  • Musa acuminata 'Williams'
  • Musa acuminata 'Williams'
  • Musa balbisiana 'Asian Saba'
  • Musa balbisiana 'Black Thai'
  • Musa balbisiana 'Cardaba'
  • Musa balbisiana 'Tani'
  • Musa basjoo 'Little Prince'
  • Musa basjoo 'Rubra'
  • Musa basjoo 'Sakhalin'
  • 花叶芭蕉 Musa basjoo 'Variegata'
  • Musa iterans 'Glaucum'
  • Musa itinerans 'Yunnan'
  • Musa ornata 'African Red'
  • Musa ornata 'Macro'
  • Musa ornata 'Purple'
  • Musa ornata 'Royal Red Salmon'
  • Musa siamensis 'Thai Gold'
  • Musa sikkimensis 'Red Flash'
  • Musa sikkimensis 'Red Tiger'

参考文献
  1. GRIN. . Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2009-02-19 [2011-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-11）.
  2. . 中国数字植物标本馆. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.
  3. 《「經濟栽培種」、「芭蕉種」及「觀賞蕉種」品種介紹》 的存檔，存档日期2013-09-27.，品種名稱後的（AAA）、（ABB）指三倍體的品種，（AA）為二倍體品種。
  4. 《觀賞蕉品種介紹》 的存檔，存档日期2013-09-27.。
  5. Ngoc-Sam Lý, C.-K. Lê, T.-D. Trieu, Agathe Haevermans, Porter P. Lowry II and Thomas Haevermans. 2013. A Distinctive New Wild Banana Species (Musa, Musaceae) from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 75:33-42. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.75.1.3
  6. Santanu Dey, N. S. Jamir, Rajib Gogoi, S. K. Chaturvedi, Hutoka Y. Jakha and Zubenthung P. Kikon. 2014. Musa nagalandiana sp. nov. (Musaceae) from Nagaland, northeast India. Nordic Journal of Botany. 32(5); 584–588. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00516
  7. Sasivimon Chomchalow Swangpol, Paweena Traiperm, Jamorn Somana, Narongsak Sukkaewmanee, Prachaya Srisanga and Piyakaset Suksathan. 2015. Musa nanensis, A New Banana (Musaceae) Species from Northern Thailand. Systematic Botany. 40(2):426-432. doi: 10.1600/036364415X688790
  8. Lal Ji Singh. 2016. Musa paramjitiana sp. nov. (Musaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Nordic Journal of Botany. Early View. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01343
  9. Hui-Lung Chiu, Chou-Tou Shii and T.-Y. Aleck Yang. 2017. Musa × formobisiana (Musaceae), A New Interspecifices Hybrid Banana. Taiwania. 62(2); 147‒150. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2017.62.147

参考书目

參見
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