舉尾家蟻屬
舉尾家蟻屬 (Crematogaster ) 習性多樣，世界廣布，最易辨別的特徵便是其水滴型的腹部。舉尾家蟻屬英文俗名為 Saint Valentine ant ，意思為聖瓦倫丁螞蟻，因其心形的腹部得名[2]，聖瓦倫丁為情人的象徵，2月14日的情人節便是紀念其殉道的節日。另一俗名為雞尾酒螞蟻 (cocktail ants)，因其受侵擾時會將腹部舉起的行為得名[3]。大部分的種類是樹棲性，因此得到雜技螞蟻 (acrobat ants) 的俗名[4]。
舉尾家蟻屬 化石时期：Eocene-Present, | |
|---|---|
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| C. hespera worker | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae |
| 属： | 舉尾家蟻屬 Crematogaster Lund, 1831 [1] |
| 多样性 | |
| > 420 species | |
| 異名 | |
| |
C. degeeri 的雄蟻。
C. corticicola 的工蟻。
舉尾家蟻屬主食為其他昆蟲，如蜂類[5]。舉尾家蟻會用毒液麻痺獵物，並沿途留下費洛蒙，引導同伴來到獵物所在的地點。
捕食行為
舉尾家蟻大型和小型的獵物都會捕食，捕食的時候覓食的工蟻會留下費洛蒙引領四周的工蟻前來協助。當個體接觸到獵物時，它們會立即發動攻擊，有時候也會用螫針攻擊，攻擊時它們會釋放緊戒費洛蒙，吸引其他工蟻攻擊獵物，其他工蟻會拉扯獵物的附肢，讓獵物呈現全身舒展的狀態並將其扛回蟻巢。舉尾家蟻有爪間體，爪間體可以增加抓附能力，讓螞蟻能夠在樹上垂直移動並搬運獵物。如果獵物很小附近又沒有其他工蟻，工蟻會獨自將其搬回蟻巢，而如果附近有其他工蟻，其他工蟻會協助將獵物搬回蟻巢，就算獵物非常小也一樣。舉尾家蟻會取食蝗蟲、白蟻、蜂類和其他小型昆蟲[6]。
棲地
C. castanea 的樹巢。
C. castanea 工蟻正在照顧角蟬。
不論在野外或室內都能發現舉尾家蟻的蹤跡。在野外，舉尾家蟻通常居住在樹上，但它們也會居住在其他地方，通常為潮濕陰暗的地方，如木材堆裡、石頭底下。在室內，蟻巢通常會築在電線附近[8]，靠近食物來源。
繁殖
舉尾家蟻蟻后會在婚飛時和雄蟻交配，雄蟻交配後不久便會死去，而蟻后會將翅膀移除並建立新群體。
舉尾家蟻還有另一種生殖策略。蟻巢中會有體型略小於蟻后，但大於一般工蟻的大型工蟻，這些工蟻在生理上也和一般工蟻不同，它們的卵巢會發育並具有產卵的能力，如果群體中有蟻后，產下的卵會被蟻后和幼蟲吃掉，如果群體中沒有蟻后，產下的卵會孵化成雄蟻。在沒有蟻后的群體中，大型工蟻會產下較多的卵。其他工蟻會像對待蟻后一樣對待大型工蟻[9]。
大型工蟻能產下會孵化成工蟻的卵，因此它們能對群體產生影響。大型工蟻甚至能透過分巢的方式建立新群體。
防禦行為
舉尾家蟻能將腹部越過頭頂往前伸，可以將腹部朝向幾乎所有方向[10]。打鬥時舉尾家蟻會從腹部末端釋放毒液，毒液對其他螞蟻的影響因種類而異，有些物種無法抵抗毒液，一兩滴即可致命，有些物種則具有抗性，可以承受大量的毒液，但無論如何毒液通常都可以逼退對方。毒液成分為酚類和羧酸，這些成分中有些具有抗生素的效果[11]。
分工
舉尾家蟻會分工，在巢內工作的個體體型和頭寬較小，在巢外工作的個體體型和頭寬則較大[12]。有些 Orthocrema 亞屬的物種，如 Crematogaster schimmeri, C. biroi, C. pygmaea ，有專門產卵的階級，產下的未受精卵會被幼蟲吃掉[13]。
共生
舉尾家蟻會和某些植物共生，植物會分泌蜜露並提供住所，螞蟻則會保護植物不受其他昆蟲侵害。有些舉尾家蟻的主要食物由血桐屬提供。
當植物被攻擊時，舉尾家蟻會傾巢而出保護植物，當周遭的植物受到攻擊時舉尾家蟻也會保護其不受侵擾[14]。
費洛蒙軌跡
舉尾家蟻會留下費洛蒙軌跡，其功能多樣，如溝通、引導其他工蟻前來協助等。有些舉尾家蟻會用後足留下費洛蒙軌跡[15]。
舉尾家蟻會在往食物的路上留下費洛蒙，吸引其他工蟻前來。吸引其他工蟻前來有許多好處，可以加快運送食物的速度，也可以協助禦敵。
物種列表
舉尾家蟻屬下共有430種以上的物種[1]。
- Crematogaster abdominalis Motschoulsky, 1863
- Crematogaster aberrans Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster abrupta Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster abstinens Forel, 1899
- Crematogaster acaciae Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster aculeata Donisthorpe, 1941
- Crematogaster acuta Fabricius, 1804
- Crematogaster adrepens Forel, 1897
- Crematogaster aegyptiaca Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster affabilis Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster afghanica Forel, 1967
- Crematogaster africana Mayr, 1895
- Crematogaster agnetis Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster agniae Karavaiev, 1935
- Crematogaster agnita Wheeler, 1934
- Crematogaster aitkenii Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster alafara Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster algirica Lucas, 1849
- Crematogaster alluaudi Emery, 1893
- Crematogaster aloysiisabaudiae Menozzi, 1930
- Crematogaster alulai Emery, 1901
- Crematogaster amabilis Santschi, 1911
- Crematogaster amapaensis Kempf, 1960
- Crematogaster ambigua Santschi, 1926
- Crematogaster amita Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster ampla Forel
- Crematogaster ampullaris Smith, 1861
- Crematogaster ancipitula Forel, 1917
- Crematogaster angulosa Andre, 1896
- Crematogaster angusticeps Santschi, 1911
- Crematogaster antaris Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster anthracina Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster apicalis Motschoulsky, 1878
- Crematogaster arata Emery, 1906
- Crematogaster arboreus
- Crematogaster arcuata Forel, 1899
- Crematogaster areniphila
- Crematogaster arizonensis Wheeler, 1908
- Crematogaster armandi Forel, 1921
- Crematogaster arnoldi Forel, 1914
- Crematogaster aroensis Menozzi, 1935
- Crematogaster arthurimuelleri Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster ashmeadi Mayr, 1886
- Crematogaster atilanica Wheeler, 1936
- Crematogaster atitlanica Wheeler, 1936
- Crematogaster atkinsoni Wheeler, 1919
- Crematogaster atra Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster auberti Emery, 1869
- Crematogaster augusti Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster aurita Karavaiev, 1935
- Crematogaster aurora LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- Crematogaster australis Mayr, 1876
- Crematogaster baduvi Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster bakeri Menozzi, 1925
- Crematogaster bandarensis Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster bara Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster barbouri Weber, 1934
- Crematogaster batesi Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster bequaerti Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster betapicalis Smith, 1995
- Crematogaster bicolor Smith, 1860
- Crematogaster biformis Andre, 1892
- Crematogaster binghamii Forel, 1904
- Crematogaster bingo Forel, 1908
- Crematogaster biroi Mayr, 1897
- Crematogaster bison Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster boera Ruzsky, 1926
- Crematogaster bogojawlenskii Ruzsky, 1905
- Crematogaster boliviana Wheeler, 1922
- Crematogaster borneensis Andre, 1896
- Crematogaster bouvardi Santschi
- Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr, 1878
- Crematogaster brevidentata
- Crematogaster brevimandibularis Donisthorpe, 1943
- Crematogaster brevis Emery, 1887
- Crematogaster brevispina Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster brevispinosa Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster breviventris Santschi, 1920
- Crematogaster browni Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster bruchi Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster brunensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster brunnea Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster brunneipennis Andre, 1890
- Crematogaster brunnescens Motschoulsky, 1863
- Crematogaster bryophilia
- Crematogaster buchneri Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster buddhae Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster butteli Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster californica Wheeler, 1919
- Crematogaster capensis Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster captiosa Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster carinata Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster castanea Smith, 1858
- Crematogaster celebensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster censor Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster cephalotes Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster cerasi Fitch, 1855
- Crematogaster (Crematogaster) chhangi Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014
- Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881
- Crematogaster chlorotica Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster chodati Forel
- Crematogaster chopardi Bernard, 1950
- Crematogaster chungi Brown, 1949
- Crematogaster cicatriculosa Roger, 1863
- Crematogaster cisplatinalis Mayr
- Crematogaster clariventris Mayr, 1895
- Crematogaster claudiae Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
- Crematogaster clydia Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster coarctata Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster coelestis Santschi, 1911
- Crematogaster colei Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster concava Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster constructor Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster coriaria Mayr, 1872
- Crematogaster cornigera Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster cornuta Crawley, 1924
- Crematogaster corporaali Santschi, 1928
- Crematogaster corticicola Mayr, 1887
- Crematogaster corvina Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster crassicornis Emery, 1893
- Crematogaster crinosa Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster cristata Santschi, 1929
- Crematogaster crucis Forel
- Crematogaster cubaensis Mann
- Crematogaster curvispinosa Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster cuvierae Donisthorpe, 1945
- Crematogaster cylindriceps Wheeler, 1927
- Crematogaster (Crematogaster) cypria Santschi, 1930
- Crematogaster dahlii Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster daisyi Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster dalyi Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster decarinata
- Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886
- Crematogaster delagoensis Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster delitescens Wheeler, 1921
- Crematogaster dentata Dalla Torre, 1893
- Crematogaster dentinodis Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster depilis Wheeler, 1919
- Crematogaster deponens
- Crematogaster depressa (Latreille, 1802)
- Crematogaster descarpentriesi Santschi, 1928
- Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov, 1949
- Crematogaster desecta Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster desperans Forel, 1914
- Crematogaster difformis Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster difformis-subgroup F.Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster diffusa (Jerdon, 1851)
- Crematogaster dispar Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster distans Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster dohrni Mayr, 1879
- Crematogaster dolens Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster donisthorpei Santschi, 1934
- Crematogaster dorsidens Santschi, 1925
- Crematogaster dubia Karavaiev, 1935
- Crematogaster ebenina Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster edentula Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster egidyi Forel, 1903
- Crematogaster egregior Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster elegans Smith, 1859
- Crematogaster elysii Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster emeryana Creighton, 1950
- Crematogaster emeryi Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster emmae Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster enneamera Emery, 1900
- Crematogaster ensifera Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster erecta Mayr, 1866
- Crematogaster erectepilosa Salata & Borowiec, 2015
- Crematogaster esterelana (Bernard, 1978)
- Crematogaster eurydice Forel, 1915
- Crematogaster euterpe Santschi, 1922
- Crematogaster evallans Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster excisa Mayr, 1895
- Crematogaster ferrarii Emery, 1888
- Crematogaster flavicornis Emery, 1897
- Crematogaster flavitarsis Emery, 1900
- Crematogaster flaviventris Santschi
- Crematogaster flavomicrops
- Crematogaster flavosensitiva Longino, 2003
- Crematogaster foliocrypta
- Crematogaster foraminiceps Santschi, 1913
- Crematogaster formosa Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster foxi Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster fritzi Emery, 1901
- Crematogaster frivola Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster fruhstorferi Emery, 1901
- Crematogaster fuentei Menozzi, 1922
- Crematogaster fulmeki Forel, 1922
- Crematogaster fusca Mayr, 1876
- Crematogaster gabonensis Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster gallicola Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster gambiensis Andre, 1889
- Crematogaster gavapiga Menozzi, 1935
- Crematogaster gerstaeckeri Dalla Torre, 1892
- Crematogaster gibba Emery, 1894
- Crematogaster goeldii
- Crematogaster gordani
- Crematogaster gratiosa Santschi, 1926
- Crematogaster grevei Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster gryllsi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019
- Crematogaster gullukdagensis Salata & Borowiec, 2015
- Crematogaster gutenbergi Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster hafahafa Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster hashimi Hosoishi, 2015
- Crematogaster hazolava Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster heathi Mann, 1916
- Crematogaster hellenica Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster hemiceros Santschi, 1926
- Crematogaster hespera Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster hezaradjatica Pisarski, 1967
- Crematogaster himalayana Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster hogsoni Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster homeri Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster hottentota Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster hova Forel, 1887
- Crematogaster huberi Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster hullettii Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
- Crematogaster iheringi Forel, 1908
- Crematogaster ilgii Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster imperfecta Hosoishi, 2015
- Crematogaster impressa Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster impressiceps Mayr, 1902
- Crematogaster inca Wheeler, 1925
- Crematogaster inconspicua Mayr, 1896
- Crematogaster incorrecta Santschi, 1917
- Crematogaster indefensa Kempf, 1968
- Crematogaster indosinensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster inermis Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster inflata Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster inflata-subgroup F.Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster innocens Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster inops Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster insularis Smith, 1859
- Crematogaster ionia Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster iridipennis Smith, 1865
- Crematogaster irritabilis Smith, 1860
- Crematogaster isolata Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf, 2019
- Crematogaster jacobsoni Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster jardinero
- Crematogaster javanica Menozzi, 1935
- Crematogaster jeanneli Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster jehovae Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster jullieni Santschi, 1910
- Crematogaster juventa Santschi, 1926
- Crematogaster kachelibae Arnold, 1954
- Crematogaster karawaiewi Menozzi, 1935
- Crematogaster kasaiensis Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster kelleri Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster keris Hosoishi, 2020
- Crematogaster khmerensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017
- Crematogaster kirbii (Sykes, 1835)
- Crematogaster kneri Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster kohli Forel, 1909
- Crematogaster kojimai
- Crematogaster kutteri Viehmeyer, 1924
- Crematogaster laboriosa Smith, 1874
- Crematogaster laestrygon Emery, 1869
- Crematogaster laeviceps Smith, 1858
- Crematogaster laevis Mayr, 1878
- Crematogaster laevissima Smith, 1860
- Crematogaster laeviuscula Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster lamottei Bernard, 1953
- Crematogaster lango Weber, 1943
- Crematogaster larreae Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster latuka Weber, 1943
- Crematogaster laurenti Forel, 1909
- Crematogaster ledouxi Soulie, 1961
- Crematogaster levior Longino, 2003
- Crematogaster libengensis Stitz, 1916
- Crematogaster liengmei Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster limata Smith, 1858
- Crematogaster lineolata (Say, 1836)
- Crematogaster linsenmairi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
- Crematogaster litoralis Arnold, 1955
- Crematogaster lobata Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster longiceps Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster longiceps Santschi, 1910
- Crematogaster longiclava Emery, 1893
- Crematogaster longipilosa Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster longispina Emery, 1890
- Crematogaster lorteti Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster lotti Weber, 1943
- Crematogaster lucayana Wheeler, 1905
- Crematogaster luctans Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster lutzi Forel, 1905
- Crematogaster macracantha Creighton, 1945
- Crematogaster madagascariensis Andre, 1887
- Crematogaster madecassa Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster mafybe Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster magitae Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster magnifica Santschi, 1925
- Crematogaster mahery
- Crematogaster maina Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster major Donisthorpe, 1941
- Crematogaster malahelo Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster malala
- Crematogaster malevolens
- Crematogaster mancocapaci
- Crematogaster manni Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster margaritae Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster marioni Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster marthae Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster maryatii Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
- Crematogaster masokely Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster matsumurai Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster meijerei Emery, 1911
- Crematogaster melanogaster Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster meneliki
- Crematogaster menilekii Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster mesonotalis Emery, 1911
- Crematogaster microspina Menozzi, 1942
- Crematogaster millardi Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster mimicans Donisthorpe, 1932
- Crematogaster mimosae Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster minutissima Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster misella Arnold, 1920
- Crematogaster missouriensis Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster mjobergi Forel, 1915
- Crematogaster moatensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster modica
- Crematogaster modiglianii Emery, 1900
- Crematogaster moelleri
- Crematogaster montana
- Crematogaster montenigrinus
- Crematogaster monteverdensis
- Crematogaster montezumia Smith, 1858
- Crematogaster monticola Arnold, 1920
- Crematogaster moorei Donisthorpe, 1941
- Crematogaster moqorensis Pisarski, 1967
- Crematogaster mormonum Wheeler, 1919
- Crematogaster mosis Forel, 1909
- Crematogaster mottazi Santschi, 1928
- Crematogaster mpanjono Blaimer, 2012
- Crematogaster mucronata Emery, 1900
- Crematogaster muralti Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster mutans Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster myops Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster natalensis Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster navajoa Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster nawai Ito, 1914
- Crematogaster nesiotis Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster neuvillei Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster nigeriensis Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster nigrans Forel, 1915
- Crematogaster nigriceps Emery, 1897
- Crematogaster nigronitens Santschi, 1917
- Crematogaster nigropilosa Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster nitidiceps Emery
- Crematogaster nocturna Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster nosibeensis Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster oasium Santschi, 1911
- Crematogaster obnigra Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster obscura Smith, 1857
- Crematogaster obscurata Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster obscurior Dalla Torre, 1892
- Crematogaster ocellata Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster ochracea Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster ochraceiventris Stitz, 1916
- Crematogaster oe
- Crematogaster onusta Stitz, 1925
- Crematogaster opaca Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster opaceipes
- Crematogaster opaciceps Mayr, 1901
- Crematogaster opuntiae Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster ornatipilis Wheeler, 1918
- Crematogaster orobia Santschi, 1919
- Crematogaster orthocrema
- Crematogaster osakensis Forel, 1900
- Crematogaster oscaris Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916
- Crematogaster oxygynoides Santschi, 1934
- Crematogaster painei Donisthorpe, 1945
- Crematogaster pallida Lowne, 1865
- Crematogaster pallipes Mayr, 1862
- Crematogaster paolii Menozzi, 1930
- Crematogaster paradoxa Emery, 1894
- Crematogaster parallela Santschi, 1925
- Crematogaster patei Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster pauciseta Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster pauli Emery, 1901
- Crematogaster pellens Walker, 1859
- Crematogaster perelegans Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster peringueyi Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster peristerica Menozzi, 1925
- Crematogaster perthensis Crawley, 1922
- Crematogaster peruviana (Wheeler, 1922)
- Crematogaster petiolidens Forel, 1916
- Crematogaster pfeifferi Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017
- Crematogaster philippinensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster phoenica Santschi, 1915
- Crematogaster phoenix Santschi, 1921
- Crematogaster physothorax Emery
- Crematogaster pia Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster pilosa Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster pinicola
- Crematogaster polita Smith, 1865
- Crematogaster politula Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster polymnia Santschi, 1922
- Crematogaster popohana Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster praecursor Emery, 1891
- Crematogaster primitiva Radchenko & Dlussky, 2019
- Crematogaster pronotalis
- Crematogaster pseudinermis Viehmeyer, 1923
- Crematogaster pulchella Bernard, 1953
- Crematogaster punctulata Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster pusilla (Heer, 1850)
- Crematogaster pygmaea Forel, 1904
- Crematogaster pygmaea Revised Status
- Crematogaster pythia Forel, 1915
- Crematogaster quadriceps
- Crematogaster quadriformis Roger, 1863
- Crematogaster quadriruga Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster quadrispinosa Roger, 1863
- Crematogaster queenslandica Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster ralumensis Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster ramamy Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster ranavalonae Forel, 1887
- Crematogaster ransonneti Mayr, 1868
- Crematogaster raptor
- Crematogaster rasoherinae Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster razana Blaimer, 2012
- Crematogaster rectinota Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster recurva Emery, 1897
- Crematogaster resulcata Bolton, 1995
- Crematogaster reticulata Hosoishi, 2009
- Crematogaster retifera Santschi, 1926
- Crematogaster rifelna Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster rivai Emery, 1897
- Crematogaster rochai Forel, 1903
- Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, 1879
- Crematogaster rogeri Emery, 1922
- Crematogaster roslihashimi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
- Crematogaster rossi Buren, 1968
- Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr, 1879
- Crematogaster rudis Emery, 1894
- Crematogaster rufa (Jerdon, 1851)
- Crematogaster rufigena Arnold, 1958
- Crematogaster rufotestacea Mayr, 1876
- Crematogaster rugosa Andre, 1895
- Crematogaster rugosior Santschi, 1910
- Crematogaster ruspolii Forel, 1892
- Crematogaster russata
- Crematogaster russoi Menozzi, 1930
- Crematogaster rustica Santschi, 1935
- Crematogaster sabatra
- Crematogaster sagei Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster sanguinea Roger, 1863
- Crematogaster santschii Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster saussurei Forel, 1899
- Crematogaster scapamaris Santschi, 1922
- Crematogaster scelerata Santschi, 1917
- Crematogaster schencki Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster schenki Forel
- Crematogaster schimmeri Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster schmidti (Mayr, 1853)
- Crematogaster schultzei Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster scita Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster sculpturata Pergande, 1896
- Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1792)
- Crematogaster semperi Emery, 1893
- Crematogaster senegalensis Roger, 1863
- Crematogaster sericea Forel
- Crematogaster sevellei
- Crematogaster sewardi Forel
- Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891
- Crematogaster sikkimensis (Hosoishi, 2015) Forel, 2015
- Crematogaster (Crematogaster) simboloni Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014
- Crematogaster similis Stitz, 1911
- Crematogaster simoni Emery, 1893
- Crematogaster sisa
- Crematogaster sjostedti Mayr
- Crematogaster skounensis Soulie, 1961
- Crematogaster snellingi
- Crematogaster solenopsides Emery, 1899
- Crematogaster solenopsoides
- Crematogaster solers Forel, 1910
- Crematogaster sordidula (Nylander, 1849)
- Crematogaster sorokini Ruzsky, 1905
- Crematogaster soror Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster sotobosque Longino, 2003
- Crematogaster spengeli Forel, 1912
- Crematogaster stadelmanni Mayr, 1895
- Crematogaster steinheili Forel, 1881
- Crematogaster stenocephala Emery, 1922
- Crematogaster stethogompha Wheeler, 1919
- Crematogaster stigmata Santschi, 1914
- Crematogaster stigmatica
- Crematogaster stollii Forel, 1885
- Crematogaster storki Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster striaticeps Forel
- Crematogaster striatula Emery, 1892
- Crematogaster subcircularis Mayr, 1879
- Crematogaster subcircularis Smith
- Crematogaster subdentata Mayr, 1877
- Crematogaster subnuda Mayr, 1879
- Crematogaster subtonsa
- Crematogaster suehiro Terayama, 1999
- Crematogaster sumichrasti Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster sundalandensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009
- Crematogaster tarsata Smith, 1865
- Crematogaster tavaratra Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster telolafy Blaimer, 2012
- Crematogaster tenuicula Forel, 1904
- Crematogaster teranishii
- Crematogaster terminalis (Shuckard, 1838)
- Crematogaster tetracantha Emery, 1887
- Crematogaster thalia Forel
- Crematogaster theta Forel, 1911
- Crematogaster togoensis Donisthorpe, 1945
- Crematogaster torosa Mayr, 1870
- Crematogaster transiens Forel, 1913
- Crematogaster transvaalensis Forel, 1894
- Crematogaster transwaalensis Forel
- Crematogaster trautweini Viehmeyer, 1914
- Crematogaster travancorensis Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster treubi Emery, 1896
- Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859
- Crematogaster tsisitsilo Blaimer, 2013
- Crematogaster tumidula Emery, 1900
- Crematogaster udo Forel, 1905
- Crematogaster unciata Santschi, 1925
- Crematogaster uruguayensis
- Crematogaster ustiventris Menozzi, 1935
- Crematogaster vacca Forel
- Crematogaster vandeli Soulie, 1961
- Crematogaster vandermeermohri Menozzi, 1930
- Crematogaster vermiculata Emery, 1895
- Crematogaster vicina
- Crematogaster victima Smith, 1858
- Crematogaster vidua Santschi, 1928
- Crematogaster viehmeyeri
- Crematogaster vieti Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
- Crematogaster vitalisi Menozzi, 1925
- Crematogaster voeltzkowi Forel, 1907
- Crematogaster volamena Blaimer, 2012
- Crematogaster vulcania Santschi, 1913
- Crematogaster walshi Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster warburgi Menozzi, 1933
- Crematogaster wardi Longino, 2003
- Crematogaster wasmanni Santschi, 1910
- Crematogaster weberi Emery, 1911
- Crematogaster weitzeckeri
- Crematogaster wellmani Forel, 1909
- Crematogaster werneri Mayr, 1907
- Crematogaster wheeleri Mann, 1919
- Crematogaster whitei Wheeler, 1915
- Crematogaster wilwerthi Santschi, 1910
- Crematogaster wroughtonii Forel, 1902
- Crematogaster xerophila Wheeler, 1915
- Crematogaster yamanei Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009
- Crematogaster yappi Forel, 1901
- Crematogaster zavattarii Menozzi, 1926
- Crematogaster zonacaciae Weber, 1943
- 归入本属的物种：
- Cremastogaster abstinens Forel
- Cremastogaster acuta Forel
- Cremastogaster adrepens Forel
- Cremastogaster aegyptiaca Forel
- Cremastogaster africana Forel
- Cremastogaster amabilis Forel
- Cremastogaster arborea Forel
- Cremastogaster arthuri-muelleri Forel
- Cremastogaster auberti Forel
- Cremastogaster bequaerti
- Cremastogaster biroi Forel
- Cremastogaster braunsi Forel
- Cremastogaster brevispinosa Forel
- Cremastogaster brunneipennis Forel
- Cremastogaster brunnipennis Forel
- Cremastogaster buchneri Forel
- Cremastogaster capensis Forel
- Cremastogaster carinata Forel
- Cremastogaster castanea Forel
- Cremastogaster chiarinii Forel
- Cremastogaster cicatriculosa Forel
- Cremastogaster constructor
- Cremastogaster crinosa Forel
- Cremastogaster curvispinosa Forel
- Cremastogaster degeeri Forel
- Cremastogaster depressa Forel
- Cremastogaster difformis Forel
- Cremastogaster distans
- Cremastogaster dolens Forel
- Cremastogaster emmae Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster emmae Forel
- Cremastogaster ensifera Forel
- Cremastogaster erecta Forel
- Cremastogaster excisa Forel
- Cremastogaster ferruginea Forel
- Cremastogaster flaviventris
- Cremastogaster foraminiceps Forel
- Cremastogaster fulmeki Forel
- Cremastogaster gallicola Forel
- Cremastogaster gibba Forel
- Cremastogaster goeldii
- Cremastogaster grevei Forel, 1891
- Cremastogaster hova Forel, 1891
- Cremastogaster impressa Forel
- Cremastogaster inermis
- Cremastogaster inermis Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster inermis Forel
- Cremastogaster inflata Forel
- Cremastogaster inops Forel
- Cremastogaster jeanneli Forel
- Cremastogaster kelleri Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster kneri Forel
- Cremastogaster (Kohli) kohli Forel
- Cremastogaster laestrygon Forel
- Cremastogaster liengmei Forel
- Cremastogaster limata Forel
- Cremastogaster lineolata Forel
- Cremastogaster lorteti Forel
- Cremastogaster lutzi Forel
- Cremastogaster madagascariensis Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster madagascariensis Forel
- Cremastogaster meneliki
- Cremastogaster menilekii Forel
- Cremastogaster mimosae Forel
- Cremastogaster montezumia Forel
- Cremastogaster muralti Forel
- Cremastogaster nigriceps
- Cremastogaster nigropilosa Forel
- Cremastogaster ochracea Forel
- Cremastogaster opaciceps
- Cremastogaster pallipes Forel
- Cremastogaster peringueyi Forel
- Cremastogaster platygnatha Forel
- Cremastogaster popohana Forel
- Cremastogaster quadriformis Forel
- Cremastogaster ranavalonae Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster ranavalonae Forel
- Cremastogaster rasoherinae Forel
- Cremastogaster rochai Forel
- Cremastogaster sanguinea Forel
- Cremastogaster schenki Forel
- Cremastogaster schimmeri Forel
- Cremastogaster scutellaris
- Cremastogaster scutellaris Forel
- Cremastogaster scutellaris Ol.
- Cremastogaster senegalensis Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster senegalensis Forel
- Cremastogaster sewelli Forel
- Cremastogaster sordidula Forel
- Cremastogaster spec Forel
- Cremastogaster stadelmanni Forel
- Cremastogaster stolli
- Cremastogaster sumichrasti Forel
- Cremastogaster tricolor
- Cremastogaster tricolor Agassiz, 1846
- Cremastogaster tricolor Forel
- Cremastogaster victima Forel
- Cremastogaster virgula Forel
- Cremastogaster voeltzkowi Forel
- Cremastogaster vulcania Forel
- Cremastogaster wellmani Forel
- Cremastogaster wilwerthi
參考資料
- . ITIS.
- Alex Wild. . 2007-07-21. （原始内容存档于2007-08-06）.
- African Insect Life - S. H. Skaife (Longmans, Green — Cape Town)
- Acrobat Ant （页面存档备份，存于）, Iowa State Univ., Dept. of Entomology
- Schatz, Bertrand, and Martine Hossaert-Mckey. "Interactions of the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris with the Fig/fig Wasp Mutualism." Ecological Entomology 28.3 (2003): 359-68. Print.
- Richard, Freddie. "Predatory Behavior in Dominant Arboreal Ant Species: The Case of Crematogaster Sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Springer." Predatory Behavior in Dominant Arboreal Ant Species: The Case of Crematogaster Sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Springer. N.p., 01 Mar. 2001. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
- Schatz, Bertrand, Marie-Charlotte Anstett, Welmoed Out, and Martine Hossaert-McKey. "Olfactive Detection of Fig Wasps as Prey by the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris (Formicidae; Myrmicinae)." Naturwissenschaften 90.10 (2003): 456-59. Print.
- Nauman, Jennifer S. "Acrobat Ants." : College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences : Clemson University : South Carolina. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.
- Heinze, J., S. Foitzik, B. Oberstadt, O. Rüppell, and B. Hölldobler. "A Female Caste Specialized for the Production of Unfertilized Eggs in the Ant Crematogaster Smithi."Naturwissenschaften 86.2 (1999): 93-95. Print.
- Schulz, Stefan. . Springer Science & Business Media. 7 January 2005: 193. ISBN 9783540213086 （英语）.
- Marlier, J., Y. Quinet, and J. Debiseau. "Defensive Behaviour and Biological Activities of the Abdominal Secretion in the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae)." Behavioural Processes 67.3 (2004): 427-40. Print.
- Stapley, L. "Physical Worker Castes in Colonies of an Acacia-ant ( Crematogaster Nigriceps ) Correlated with an Intra-colonial Division of Defensive Behaviour." Insectes Sociaux46.2 (1999): 146-49. Print.
- Peeters, Christian, Chung-Chee Lin, and Yves Quinet. "Evolution of a Soldier Caste Specialized to Lay Unfertilized Eggs in the Ant Genus Crematogaster (subgenus Orthocrema)." Elsevier 42 (201 a3): 257-64. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
- Inui, Yoko, and Takao Itioka. "Species-specific Leaf Volatile Compounds of Obligate Macaranga Myrmecophytes and Host-specific Aggressiveness of Symbiotic Crematogaster Ants." Journal of Chemical Ecology 33.11 (2007): 2054-063. Print.
- Leuthold, R. H. "A Tibial Gland Scent-Trail Lying Behavior in Crematogaster." Psyche75.128 (1968): 233-48. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. <http://psyche.entclub.org/75/75-233.html （页面存档备份，存于）>.
外部連結
維基物種上的相關：Crematogaster
维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：Crematogaster- Black Ants' unique nest in a tree trunk- Philippines （页面存档备份，存于） by Isidro A. T. Savillo
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