新西兰人口

新西兰人口涵盖了新西兰500万居民的性别、种族、宗教、地理和经济背景。新西兰人自昵称「Kiwi」(源自奇异鸟),主要居住于北岛的都会区。前五大城市依序为奥克兰(拥有新西兰三分之一的人口)、基督城威灵顿汉密顿陶朗加。少数新西兰人则居住在北岛和南岛两大主岛以外的岛屿:怀希基岛位近奥克兰,拥有7689位居民,是人口最多的小岛;而大巴里尔岛查塔姆群岛斯图尔特岛各有低于1000人的少量人口。新西兰是新西兰王国的一部分;王国的国土另包括托克劳罗斯属地库克群岛纽埃,而在上述地区出生者也被认定为广义的新西兰人。2006年,上述地区的居民已普遍认同自己是新西兰人,而非仅是特定地区的居民。

新西兰人口密度图(2006年)
  少于1人/平方公里
  1人/平方公里以上
  10人/平方公里以上
  250人/平方公里以上
  1000人/平方公里以上
  4000人/平方公里以上

新西兰人

新西兰人昵称「Kiwi」,源自于新西兰的国鸟国家象征、一种不会飞的鸟——奇异鸟[1][2]。毛利外来语「Pākehā」(新西兰白人)是指欧洲裔的新西兰人(但有些新西兰人并不喜欢这个称谓)[3][4],部分毛利人则用指非玻里尼西亚裔的新西兰人[5]。2006年以前出生于新西兰或新西兰王国其他地区(托克劳罗斯属地库克群岛纽埃)者为新西兰公民;此后出生者则适用较严格的条件限制[6][注 1]

人口

新西兰历年人口变化(黑线)及预期发展变化(红线)
历次新西兰人口普查
年份人口±%
1926 1,408,139    
1936 1,573,812+11.8%
1945 1,702,298+8.2%
1951 1,939,472+13.9%
1961 2,414,984+24.5%
1971 2,862,631+18.5%
1981 3,175,737+10.9%
1991 3,434,949+8.2%
2001 3,820,749+11.2%
2013 4,353,198+13.9%
来源:新西兰统计局

由2006年人口调查的4,027,947人推算,2011年新西兰估计人口数已经到达约440万人[7][8]。2010年统计数据显示,妇女生育年龄的中位数为30岁,而生育率为平均每名妇女养育2.1个孩童;而毛利人口的年龄中位数为26岁,生育率为2.8[9]。2010年年龄标准化死亡率为3.8‰(较2000年的4.8‰降低),总人口的婴儿死亡率为5.1‰[9]。此外,2008年出生的新西兰儿童的预期寿命,男女分别为78.4岁和82.4岁[10]。专家预测2050年新西兰人的平均寿命将到达80岁至85岁,同时婴儿死亡率将持续下降[11]。2050年预计新西兰人口将到达530万人,年龄中位数将从36岁提升至43岁,而60岁以上的老年人口比例将从18%提升至29%[11]

重要人口数据(自1921年)[12]
人口总数 出生人数 死亡人数 自然增长数 出生率(‰) 死亡率(‰) 自然增长率(‰) 总和生育率(‰)
192129,62311,47418,1493.08
192230,44811,87418,5743.08
192329,14812,23916,9092.96
192429,26011,54017,7202.93
192529,86911,84418,0252.90
192629,90412,51717,3872.88
19271,429,70029,27812,60016,67820.38.811.62.79
19281,450,40028,93812,86016,07819.88.811.02.70
19291,467,40028,85913,22015,63919.59.010.62.64
19301,486,10028,82213,14515,67719.38.810.52.60
19311,506,80028,86713,06215,80519.18.610.42.56
19321,522,80027,53512,87514,66018.08.49.62.38
19331,534,70027,20412,86214,34217.78.39.32.31
19341,547,10027,22013,81013,41017.58.98.62.29
19351,558,40027,15013,66413,48617.48.78.62.25
19361,569,70028,39514,65813,73718.09.38.72.30
19371,584,60029,89615,21514,68118.89.69.22.39
19381,601,80030,84516,87413,97119.210.58.72.44
19391,618,30032,87215,93316,93920.29.810.42.56
19401,641,60036,94515,87521,07022.69.712.92.84
19411,633,60039,17017,04722,12324.010.413.62.93
19421,631,20037,81818,11719,70123.111.112.12.87
19431,636,40034,68417,12217,56221.210.410.72.61
19441,642,00038,03717,04920,98822.910.312.72.85
19451,676,30041,53417,68623,84824.410.414.03.10
19461,727,80047,52417,72029,80427.110.117.03.45
19471,781,20049,69817,44232,25627.69.717.93.63
19481,817,50049,06217,28531,77726.79.417.33.57
19491,853,90048,84117,57831,26326.19.416.73.53
19501,892,10049,33118,08431,24725.89.516.43.55
19511,927,70049,80618,83630,97025.69.715.93.60
19521,970,50051,84618,89632,95026.09.516.53.67
19532,024,60051,88818,35433,53425.39.016.43.65
19542,074,70054,05518,87635,17925.89.016.83.78
19552,118,40055,59619,22536,37126.09.017.03.88
19562,164,80056,53119,69636,83525.89.016.83.98
19572,209,20058,42520,86237,56326.19.316.84.03
19582,262,80060,55620,30140,25526.58.917.64.11
19592,316,00061,79821,12840,67026.49.017.44.18
19602,359,70062,77920,89241,88726.48.817.64.24
19612,403,60065,39021,78243,60826.99.017.94.31
19622,461,30065,01422,08142,93326.18.917.34.19
19632,515,80064,52722,41642,11125.48.816.64.05
19642,566,90062,30222,86139,44124.08.815.23.80
19652,617,00060,04722,97637,07122.78.714.03.54
19662,663,80060,00323,77836,22522.38.813.53.41
19672,711,30061,02223,00738,01522.48.413.93.35
19682,745,00062,11224,46437,64822.58.913.63.34
19692,773,00062,36024,16138,19922.48.713.73.28
19702,804,00062,05024,84037,21021.98.813.23.17
19712,852,10064,46024,30940,15122.48.514.03.18
19722,898,50063,21524,80138,41421.68.513.13.00
19732,959,70060,72725,31235,41520.38.511.82.76
19743,024,90059,33625,26134,07519.48.311.12.58
19753,091,90056,63925,11431,52518.28.110.12.37
19763,143,70055,10525,45729,64817.58.19.42.27
19773,163,40054,17925,96128,21817.18.28.92.21
19783,166,40051,02924,66926,36016.17.88.32.07
19793,165,20052,27925,34026,93916.58.08.52.12
19803,163,90050,54226,67623,86615.98.47.52.03
19813,176,40050,79425,15025,64415.97.98.12.01
19823,194,50049,93825,53224,40615.68.07.61.95
19833,226,80050,47425,99124,48315.68.07.51.92
19843,264,80051,63625,37826,25815.77.78.01.93
19853,293,00051,79827,48024,31815.78.37.41.93
19863,303,10052,82427,04525,77916.08.27.81.96
19873,313,50055,25427,41927,83516.68.28.42.03
19883,342,10057,54627,40830,13817.28.29.02.10
19893,345,20058,09127,04231,04917.38.19.22.12
19903,369,80060,15326,53133,62217.77.89.92.18
19913,410,40059,91126,38933,52217.37.69.72.09
19923,516,00059,16627,11532,05116.77.79.12.06
19933,552,20058,78227,10031,68216.47.68.92.04
19943,597,90057,32126,95330,36815.87.48.41.98
19953,648,20057,67127,81329,85815.77.68.11.98
19963,706,70057,28028,25529,02515.37.67.81.96
19973,762,30057,60427,47130,13315.27.38.01.96
19983,802,60055,34926,20629,14314.56.97.61.89
19993,829,20057,05328,12228,93114.97.37.51.97
20003,851,20056,60526,66029,94514.76.97.81.98
20013,886,70055,80027,82527,97214.367.167.201.97
20023,951,20054,02128,06525,95613.677.106.571.89
20034,027,70056,13628,01128,12513.946.956.991.93
20044,088,70058,07428,41929,65514.206.957.251.98
20054,136,00057,74427,03330,71113.966.547.421.97
20064,185,30059,19328,24530,94814.146.757.392.01
20074,226,20064,04428,52135,52015.156.758.402.18
20084,262,00064,34129,18735,15415.106.858.252.19
20094,304,90062,54128,96533,57914.536.737.802.13
20104,353,00063,89728,43735,45714.686.538.152.17
20114,386,30061,40430,08131,32014.006.867.142.09
20124,410,70061,17930,09931,08013.876.827.052.10
20134,446,70058,71929,56829,14813.206.656.552.01
20144,521,00057,24331,06226,18112.686.885.801.92
20154,614,00061,03831,60829,43013.276.876.401.99
20164,716,00059,43031,17928,25112.656.646.011.87
20174,814,00059,61033,33926,27112.436.955.481.81
20184,900,00058,02033,22224,79811.766.735.031.71
20194,991,00059,63734,26025,37712.136.975.161.75
20205,073,00057,57332,61324,96011.336.404.931.61
20215,117,00058,65934,93223,72711.56.84.6

宗教

族群概况如英国移民在北岛和南岛北部、苏格兰在南岛南部,反映了英国国教会和长老教会的地理分布。

基督教是新西兰最主要的宗教信仰;根据2006年新西兰人口普查,恰过半的人口为基督徒,但同时教会出席率约仅为15%[14][15]。在2006年普查中,55.6%的新西兰人自认是基督徒,34.7%表示自己没有宗教信仰(较2001年的29.6%上升),而约4%属于其他宗教[16]{{NoteTag另外6%新西兰人拒绝透露他们的信仰。新西兰统计局并未汇报「其他」宗教的总百分比例。依据自认信仰基督教和信仰其他宗教的人数,「其他」宗教的总百分比可落在3%至5%的范围内。这些数据的调查对象为一般居民人口,不包括另外7%未提供可用信息的受访民众。在非基督教信仰人口中,移民占了八成[17],其余为传统的毛利信仰、犹太教(24%移民)和巴哈伊教(20%移民)[18]

注释

  1. 详参见:新西兰国籍法

参考文献

引用

  1. Simon Dalby. . Political Geography: 437–456. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(93)90012-v. (原始内容存档于2018-06-15).
  2. Callister, Paul. (PDF). New Zealand Population Review. 2004, 30 (1&2): 5–22 [2012-08-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-05-15).
  3. Misa, Tapu. . New Zealand Herald. 2006-03-08 [2012-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-12).
  4. . Statistics New Zealand. 2009-04 [2011-01-18]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-11-13).
  5. Ranford, Jodie. . Māori News. [2008-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-07).
  6. . New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. [2011-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-05).
  7. . Statistics New Zealand. [2011-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-03). 人口时钟每10分钟更新一次。
  8. . Statistics New Zealand. [2011-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2011年5月10日).
  9. . Statistics New Zealand. [2011-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-22).
  10. . Births and Deaths: December 2009 quarter. Statistics New Zealand. [2010-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-13).
  11. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. 2009 [2009-08-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-24).
  12. Data from 1921 to 2000 were taken from: . Institut national d'études démographiques. [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于19 July 2018).
    Population data from 2001 onwards were taken from: . Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa. 2018 [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-20).
    Other data from 2001 onwards were taken from: . Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa. 18 February 2018 [5 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-06).
  13. . Statistics New Zealand. 2017-10-24 [2017-10-24]. For urban areas, . Statistics New Zealand. 2017-10-24 [2017-10-24].
  14. Table 28, 2006 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables 存盘,存档日期2011-07-24..
  15. Opie, Stephen. (PDF). Bible Society of New Zealand. 2008-06: 4 [2010-05-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-26).
  16. . Statistics New Zealand. [2011-01-20]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-03).
  17. . Statistics NZ Home > Census > 2006 Census Data > About a Subject. Statistics New Zealand (www.stats.govt.nz). [2010-05-29]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-03).
  18. Thomson, Barbara. (PDF). Ethnic Affairs Service Information Series (Research Unit, Department of Internal Affairs): 178, 183. [2009-09-19]. ISBN 0-478-09244-X. ISSN 1173-7166. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-14).

来源

书籍
  • Bain, Carolyn. . Lonely Planet. 2006. ISBN 1-74104-535-5.
  • Crystal, David. . Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-53033-0.
  • Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Gordon, Elizabeth. . Edinburgh University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7486-2529-1.
  • Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar; Burridge, Kate; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive. . Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 2004. ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5.

参见

外部链接

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