磷酸亚铁

磷酸亚铁
	IUPAC名; Iron(II) phosphate
别名	磷酸铁(II)
识别
CAS号	14940-41-1
PubChem	9863567
ChemSpider	8039263
SMILES	[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2];
性质
化学式	Fe3O8P2
摩尔质量	357.48 g·mol−1
外观	无色固体[1]; 蓝灰色晶体（八水）[2]
密度	3.94 g/cm3[3]; 2.58 g/cm3（八水合物）[4]
熔点	180 °C（453 K）（（八水合物）分解[5]）
溶解性（水）	不溶（八水）[6]
溶解性	不溶于乙醇，可溶于酸（八水）[6]
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

磷酸亚铁是磷酸的铁盐，化学式Fe₃(PO₄)₂。它在自然界中以蓝铁矿形式存在[7]，可用作肥料。[8]

制备

磷酸亚铁可以由硫酸亚铁和磷酸钠溶液反应而成：[1]

3 FeSO₄ + 2 Na₃PO₄ → Fe₃(PO₄)₂↓ + 3 Na₂SO₄

磷酸和铁直接反应只会得到Fe(H₂PO₄)₂·2H₂O[1]。无水磷酸亚铁可以由硝酸铁和磷酸二氢铵反应，然后加热产生的棕色物质而成。[7]

物理性质

无水磷酸亚铁呈单斜晶系，空间群P2₁/c (No. 14)。[3]其四水合物和八水合物的晶体结构也是单斜晶系，空间群分别为P2₁/a (No. 14)和C2/m (No. 12)。[9][10][11]

刚沉淀产生的八水合磷酸亚铁是蓝灰色固体，在空气氧化下转变成靛蓝色。对其进一步氧化会破坏其晶体结构，产生黄棕色的无定形体。[8]

化学性质

与磷酸反应，形成酸式盐：

{\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3FeHPO_{4}}}

{\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+4H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3Fe(H_{2}PO_{4})_{2}}}

与氢反应生成磷化物：

{\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ Fe_{3}P_{2}+8H_{2}O}}

水合物加热分解：

{\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{T}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{180^{o}C}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}}}

磷酸亚铁可以和N₂H₄形成各种配合物，如深绿色的Fe₃(PO₄)₂·3N₂H₄·5H₂O[12]、白色的Fe₃(PO₄)₂·6N₂H₄·2.75H₂O、[13]浅绿色的Fe₃(PO₄)₂·6N₂H₄·8H₂O[14]以及白色的Fe₃(PO₄)₂·7N₂H₄·nH₂O。[12]它们都会爆炸。

参见

磷酸铁

参考

. [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95 ed. CRC Press, 2014
Kostiner, E.; Rea, J. R. . Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1974, 13 (12): 2876–2880. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50142a021.
Jan D'Ans; Ellen Lax; Blachnik, Roger. . Berlin, Heidelberg. 2013: 458. ISBN 978-3-642-58842-6. OCLC 913685219 （德语）.
. chemister.ru. [2 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-03）.
Hunnius, Curt; Burger, Artur. . Berlin. 2020: 469. ISBN 978-3-11-086901-9. OCLC 1138499573 （德语）.
Warner, Joanne K.; Cheetham, Anthony K.; Nord, Anders G.; Von Dreele, Robert B.; Yethiraj, Mohana. . Journal of Materials Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1992, 2 (2): 191. ISSN 0959-9428. doi:10.1039/jm9920200191.
Eynard, A.; Campillo, M. C.; Barrón, V.; Torrent, J. . Fertilizer Research (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1992, 31 (1): 61–67. ISSN 0167-1731. doi:10.1007/bf01064228.
Abrahams, S. C.; Bernstein, J. L. . The Journal of Chemical Physics (AIP Publishing). 1966-03-15, 44 (6): 2223–2229. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.1727026.
Meijer, H.C.; Van den Handel, J.; Frikkee, E. . Physica (Elsevier BV). 1967, 34 (3): 475–483. ISSN 0031-8914. doi:10.1016/0031-8914(67)90015-8.
Bartl, H. . Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1989, 333 (4-5): 401–403. ISSN 0016-1152. doi:10.1007/bf00572335.
British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 973 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.
British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1982: 831 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.
British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 974 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.

延伸阅读

Редкол.: Кнунянц И.Л. и др. (编). . 2. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1990: 671. ISBN 5-82270-035-5.
Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). . 1 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072.
Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). . 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168.
Рипан Р., Четяну И. . 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871.

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[spektrum.de-1] . [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.

[2] CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95 ed. CRC Press, 2014

[Kostiner-3] Kostiner, E.; Rea, J. R. . Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1974, 13 (12): 2876–2880. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50142a021.

[Jean_D'Ans,_Ellen_Lax-4] Jan D'Ans; Ellen Lax; Blachnik, Roger. . Berlin, Heidelberg. 2013: 458. ISBN 978-3-642-58842-6. OCLC 913685219 （德语）.

[chemister-5] . chemister.ru. [2 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-03）.

[Curt_Hunnius-6] Hunnius, Curt; Burger, Artur. . Berlin. 2020: 469. ISBN 978-3-11-086901-9. OCLC 1138499573 （德语）.

[Warner-7] Warner, Joanne K.; Cheetham, Anthony K.; Nord, Anders G.; Von Dreele, Robert B.; Yethiraj, Mohana. . Journal of Materials Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1992, 2 (2): 191. ISSN 0959-9428. doi:10.1039/jm9920200191.

[Eynard-8] Eynard, A.; Campillo, M. C.; Barrón, V.; Torrent, J. . Fertilizer Research (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1992, 31 (1): 61–67. ISSN 0167-1731. doi:10.1007/bf01064228.

[9] Abrahams, S. C.; Bernstein, J. L. . The Journal of Chemical Physics (AIP Publishing). 1966-03-15, 44 (6): 2223–2229. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.1727026.

[10] Meijer, H.C.; Van den Handel, J.; Frikkee, E. . Physica (Elsevier BV). 1967, 34 (3): 475–483. ISSN 0031-8914. doi:10.1016/0031-8914(67)90015-8.

[11] Bartl, H. . Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1989, 333 (4-5): 401–403. ISSN 0016-1152. doi:10.1007/bf00572335.

[:0-12] British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 973 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.

[13] British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1982: 831 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.

[14] British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. . British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 974 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.