直布罗陀历史

直布罗陀半岛是伊比利亚半岛最南端地中海沿岸的小半岛，有2900年的有人居住的历史。

Painting of a panoramic view from the Spanish lines, showing four men, two in British Army uniform, looking across a sandy isthmus towards the Rock of Gibraltar with the bay and the African coast visible in the background
从西班牙边界线看直布罗陀北面的风光(1782)
Locator map of Gibraltar's location in Europe
直布罗陀在伊比利亚半岛南端的位置

地理背景
直布羅陀海峽的註釋衛星視圖

直布羅陀的歷史已帶動其靠近地中海的入口的戰略地位。這是一個狹長的半島的東側直布羅陀灣 6千米（4英里）從城市阿爾赫西拉斯。直布羅陀位於西班牙最南部海岸的地中海最窄點之一，從海岸僅24公里（15英里）摩洛哥北非。它在海灣地位使其成為優越的自然錨地的船舶。[1]正如一位作家所言，“誰掌控了直布羅陀就掌握了船隻進出地中海的動向，以軍事和海權觀點來說，很少地方具有比直布羅陀更戰略性的位置。[2]

領土方面的措施只有6.7平方公里（2.6平方英里）。大部分的土地面積是由直布羅陀的陡峭岩石它達到426米（1398英尺）高度佔據。直布羅陀的小鎮坐落在岩石上的半島西側的基礎。窄，地勢低窪的地峽連接半島的西班牙本土。北工作面礦是一個近乎垂直的山崖396米（1299英尺）高，俯瞰峽部; 唯一的陸路通道鎮是通過沿海地帶約350米（1150英尺）寬，這是前窄得多的土地復墾從海在20世紀。[1]

因此，直布羅陀的地理位置賦予了它相當自然的防禦性優勢。這幾乎是不可能按比例岩石的東部或北部兩側，它們是垂直或基本如此。在南部，周圍的相對平坦的區域歐羅巴點是懸崖峭壁這是長達30米（97英尺）高的包圍。西邊是唯一可行的區域著陸，但即使在其上鎮建設工作提高到一個後衛的優勢，陡峭的山坡。這些因素給了它千百年來一個巨大的軍事意義。[1]

参考文献

引用
  1. Dennis, pp. 7–8
  2. Krieger, p. 8

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