發光桿菌屬

光桿菌症（photobacteriosis）是養殖海鱺最常見的細菌性疾病，尤其是好發於海上箱網。本病病原為發光桿菌，病魚發病時體色變黑，消瘦，肝、腎、脾等臟器會出現白色結節，又稱為類結節症、假性結核病或巴斯德桿菌症，發病率逾六成，致死率達五成以上。世界各地也相繼報導此病嚴重危害養殖魚類，如日本的青甘鰺、黑鯛、赤點石斑魚、條紋梭魚、比目魚及瓜子鱲；以色列、歐洲及地中海的金頭鯛及歐洲海鱸；美國的條紋鱸及美洲狼鱸；台灣、美國及地中海的雜交條紋鱸等。發光桿菌症致死率高、宿主範圍廣泛及疫情見於世界各地，對養殖魚類而言，是一種危害性極高的細菌性疾病之一。[1]

本属包括以下物种：

• Photobacterium aestuarii Lo et al. 2014
• Photobacterium alginatilyticum Wang et al. 2017
• Photobacterium andalusiense Labella et al. 2019
• 狭小发光杆菌 Photobacterium angustum Reichelt et al. 1979
• Photobacterium aphoticum Lucena et al. 2011
• Photobacterium aplysiae Seo et al. 2005
• Photobacterium aquae Liu et al. 2014
• Photobacterium aquimaris Yoshizawa et al. 2009
• 银色发光杆菌 Photobacterium argenteus
• 波罗的海发光杆菌 Photobacterium balticum
• 贝氏发光杆菌 Photobacterium belozerskii
• 喀拉伯发光杆菌 Photobacterium caraibicum
• Photobacterium carnosum Hilgarth et al. 2018
• 摇蚊发光杆菌 Photobacterium chironomi
• Photobacterium chitinilyticum Wang et al. 2019
• 冠状发光杆菌 Photobacterium coronata
• 蓝磷光发光杆菌 Photobacterium cyanophosphorescens
• 美人鱼发光杆菌 Photobacterium damsela (Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991，美人鱼李斯道氏菌，美人鱼利斯顿氏菌
  • 美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种 Photobacterium damsela piscicida
• Photobacterium damselae (Love et al. 1982) Smith et al. 1991
• 退化发光杆菌 Photobacterium degenerans
• 台儿加底发光杆菌 Photobacterium delgadensis
• 费氏发光杆菌 Photobacterium fischeri (Beijerinck 1889) Reichelt and Baumann 1973，本种以最早研究发光细菌的学生之一B．Fischer的名字命名。
• Photobacterium frigidiphilum Seo et al. 2005
• Photobacterium gaetbulicola Kim et al. 2010
• Photobacterium galatheae Machado et al. 2015
• Photobacterium ganghwense Park et al. 2006
• 胶黏发光杆菌 Photobacterium glutinosa
• Photobacterium halotolerans Rivas et al. 2006
• 哈氏发光杆菌 Photobacterium harveri
• 组胺发光杆菌 Photobacterium histaminum Okuzumi et al. 1994
• Photobacterium iliopiscarium (Onarheim et al. 1995) Urakawa et al. 1999
• Photobacterium indicum (Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Ivanova et al. 2004[2]
• 印度发光杆菌 Photobacterium indicum (Johnson and Weisrock 1969) Xie and Yokota 2004
• Photobacterium jeanii Chimetto et al. 2010
• Photobacterium kishitanii Ast et al. 2007
• 鳆发光杆菌 Photobacterium leiognathi Boisvert et al. 1967
• Photobacterium lipolyticum Yoon et al. 2005
• Photobacterium logei (ex Bang et al. 1978) Harwood et al. 1980
• Photobacterium lucens Enciso-Ibarra et al. 2020[3]
• Photobacterium lutimaris Jung et al. 2007
• Photobacterium malacitanum Labella et al. 2019
• Photobacterium obscurum Hong et al. 2023[4]
• Photobacterium panuliri Deep et al. 2015
• 明亮发光杆菌 Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889
• Photobacterium piscicola Figge et al. 2015
• 深海发光细菌 Photobacterium profundum Nogi et al. 1998
• Photobacterium proteolyticum Li et al. 2017
• Photobacterium rosenbergii Thompson et al. 2005
• Photobacterium salinisoli Li et al. 2019
• Photobacterium sanctipauli Moreira et al. 2015
• Photobacterium sanguinicancri Gomez-Gil et al. 2016
• Photobacterium swingsii Gomez-Gil et al. 2011
• Photobacterium toruni Labella et al. 2017

• Watson, 1984. Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology.Volumel p539-545.
• LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

1. 東港生技研究中心. . 行政院農業委員會水產試驗所. 2013-04-25 [2018-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-07）.
2. Skerman, V. B. D., McGowan, V., Sneath, P. H. A. (1980). Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol. 30 : 225-420 .
3. Enciso-Ibarra J, Gonzalez-Castillo A, Soto-Rodriguez SA, Enciso-Ibarra K, Bolan-Mejia C, Gomez-Gil B. Photobacterium lucens sp. nov., Isolated from a Cultured Shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1111-1116.
4. Hong W, Wang X, Yuan Y, Liu R, Zhao W, Xue CX, Zhang XH. Photobacterium obscurum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the coast of Qingdao. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6096.