火蟻屬

火蟻屬()又稱為火家蟻屬,隸屬於蟻科家蟻亞科,大約有380個物種[1],其中最知名的為入侵紅火蟻Solenopsis invicta),其腹部末端帶有螫針動物被螫傷後毒素會進入體內,嚴重的情况下會因全身性過敏而休克,甚至導致死亡。「火蟻」(Fire Ants)俗名是在描述被其螫刺後如火灼傷般疼痛感,有些情況會出現如灼傷般的水泡,值得注意的是,Solenopsis是一個組成複雜的屬,其生態行為也多樣,因此,「火蟻」(Fire Ants)的俗名適用於那些較具侵略性的物種。

火蟻屬
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蟻科 Formicidae
亚科: 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
族: 火蟻族 Solenopsidini
属: 火蟻屬 Solenopsis
Westwood, 1840
模式種
Solenopsis mandibularis (Solenopsis geminata同物異名)
Westwood, 1840
多样性
380 种
德州火蟻群

火蟻屬是一個組成複雜、龐大且難以分類的屬,大部分的物種體型微小、具單形性(monomorphic)、且生活在土壤之下,這些體型微小的物種有些被稱作為「賊蟻」(thief ants),賊蟻生活在其他體型較大的白蟻或螞蟻的巢中。有些新世界的物種體型較大且為多形性(polymorphic),他們的群落大小可以達到相當大的規模,且工蟻為極具侵略性的表層掠食者,這些物種也就是俗稱的「火蟻」(fire ants)[2]

种系发生

火蟻屬

Solenopsis geminata

Solenopsis daguerrei

Solenopsis quinquecupsis

Solenopsis macdonaghi

Solenopsis megergates

Solenopsis invicta 入侵紅火蟻

Solenopsis richteri 入侵黑火蟻

Solenopsis interrupta

Solenopsis altipunctata

Solenopsis weyrauchi

Solenopsis saevissima

Solenopsis pythia

Solenopsis electra

Solenopsis pusillignis

本属包括以下物种:

  • Solenopsis abdita Thompson, 1989
  • Solenopsis africana Santschi, 1914
  • Solenopsis albidula Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis alecto Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis alena Özdikmen, 2010
  • Solenopsis altinodis Forel, 1912
  • Solenopsis amblychila Wheeler, 1915
  • Solenopsis andina Santschi, 1923
  • Solenopsis angulata Emery, 1894
  • Solenopsis atavinus Perfilieva et al., 2017
  • Solenopsis atlantis Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis aurea Wheeler, 1906
  • Solenopsis avia (Bernard, 1978)
  • Solenopsis azteca Forel, 1893
  • Solenopsis bacchettae Brullo, C.Brullo, Tavilla, Siracusa & Cambria, 2022[3]
  • Solenopsis bakri Sharaf
  • Solenopsis balachowskyi Bernard, 1959
  • Solenopsis banyulensis Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis basalis Forel, 1896
  • Solenopsis belisarius Forel, 1907
  • Solenopsis blanda (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis brasiliana Santschi, 1925
  • Solenopsis brazoensis (Buckley, 1867)
  • Solenopsis brevicornis Emery, 1888
  • Solenopsis brevipes Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis bruchi
  • Solenopsis bruchiella Emery, 1922
  • Solenopsis bruesi Creighton, 1930
  • Solenopsis bucki Kempf, 1973
  • Solenopsis canariensis Forel, 1893
  • Solenopsis capensis Mayr, 1866
  • Solenopsis carolinensis Forel, 1901
  • Solenopsis castor Forel, 1893
  • Solenopsis celata (Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985)
  • Solenopsis clarki Crawley, 1922
  • Solenopsis cleptomana
  • Solenopsis clytemnestra Emery, 1896
  • Solenopsis conjurata Wheeler, 1925
  • Solenopsis cooperi Donisthorpe, 1947
  • Solenopsis corticalis Forel, 1881
  • Solenopsis crivellarii Menozzi, 1936
  • Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi, 1930)
  • Solenopsis dalli (Kusnezov, 1969)
  • Solenopsis debilior Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis decipiens Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis delta (Bernard, 1978)
  • Solenopsis deserticola Ruzsky, 1905
  • Solenopsis duboscqui Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis dysderces Snelling, 1975
  • Solenopsis egregia (Kusnezov, 1953)
  • Solenopsis electra Forel, 1914
  • Solenopsis elhawagryi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
  • Solenopsis emeryi Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis exigua
  • Solenopsis eximia (Kusnezov, 1953)
  • Solenopsis fairchildi Wheeler, 1926
  • Solenopsis foersteri Theobald, 1937
  • Solenopsis franki Forel, 1908
  • Solenopsis froggatti Forel, 1913
  • Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798)
  • Solenopsis fusciventris Clark, 1934
  • Solenopsis gallardoi Santschi, 1925
  • Solenopsis gallica Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis gayi (Spinola, 1851)
  • Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Solenopsis georgica Menozzi, 1942
  • Solenopsis germaini Emery, 1895
  • Solenopsis globularia (Smith, 1858)
  • Solenopsis gnomula Emery, 1915
  • Solenopsis goeldii Forel, 1912
  • Solenopsis granivora Kusnezov, 1957
  • Solenopsis hammari Mayr, 1903
  • Solenopsis hayemi Forel, 1908
  • Solenopsis helena Emery, 1895
  • Solenopsis hostilis (Borgmeier, 1959)
  • Solenopsis iheringi Forel, 1908
  • Solenopsis ilinei Santschi, 1936
  • Solenopsis indagatrix Wheeler, 1928
  • Solenopsis indet
  • Solenopsis insculpta Clark, 1938
  • Solenopsis insinuans Santschi, 1933
  • Solenopsis insularis (Bernard, 1978)
  • Solenopsis interrupta Santschi, 1916
  • 入侵红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972
  • Solenopsis jacoti Wheeler, 1923
  • Solenopsis jalalabadica Pisarski, 1970
  • Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, 1928
  • Solenopsis joergenseni Santschi, 1919
  • Solenopsis juliae (Arakelian, 1991)
  • Solenopsis kabylica Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis knuti Pisarski, 1967
  • Solenopsis kochi Finzi Stat.
  • Solenopsis krockowi Wheeler, 1908
  • Solenopsis laboriosa
  • Solenopsis laeviceps Mayr, 1870
  • Solenopsis laevithorax Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis latastei Emery, 1895
  • Solenopsis latro Forel, 1894
  • Solenopsis leptanilloides Santschi, 1925
  • Solenopsis longiceps Forel, 1907
  • Solenopsis loretana Santschi, 1936
  • Solenopsis lotophaga Santschi, 1911
  • Solenopsis lou Forel, 1902
  • Solenopsis lusitanica Emery, 1915
  • Solenopsis macdonaghi Santschi, 1916
  • Solenopsis macrops Santschi, 1917
  • Solenopsis madara Roger, 1863
  • Solenopsis major Theobald, 1937
  • Solenopsis maligna Santschi, 1910
  • Solenopsis mameti Donisthorpe, 1946
  • Solenopsis marxi Forel, 1915
  • Solenopsis maxillosa Emery, 1900
  • Solenopsis maxima (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis medioclara Santschi
  • Solenopsis megera Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis megergates Trager, 1991
  • Solenopsis metanotalis Emery, 1896
  • Solenopsis metatarsalis (Kusnezov, 1957)
  • Solenopsis minutissima Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis moesta (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis molesta (Say, 1836)
  • Solenopsis monticola Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis mozabensis (Bernard, 1977)
  • Solenopsis nicaeensis Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis nickersoni Thompson, 1982
  • Solenopsis nigella Emery, 1888
  • Solenopsis nitens Bingham, 1903
  • Solenopsis nitidum (Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994)
  • Solenopsis normandi Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis novemmaculata Wheeler, 1925
  • Solenopsis occipitalis Santschi, 1911
  • Solenopsis oculata Santschi, 1925
  • Solenopsis omana Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Solenopsis oraniensis Forel, 1894
  • Solenopsis orbula Emery, 1875
  • Solenopsis orbuloides Andre, 1890
  • Solenopsis overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916
  • Solenopsis pachycera (Forel, 1915)
  • Solenopsis papuana Emery, 1900
  • Solenopsis parabiotica Weber, 1943
  • Solenopsis parva Mayr, 1868
  • Solenopsis patagonica Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis pawaensis Mann, 1919
  • Solenopsis pergandei Forel, 1901
  • Solenopsis photophila Santschi, 1923
  • Solenopsis picea Emery, 1896
  • Solenopsis picquarti Forel, 1899
  • Solenopsis picta Emery, 1895
  • Solenopsis pilosa (Bernard, 1978)
  • Solenopsis pilosula Wheeler, 1908
  • Solenopsis pollux Forel, 1893
  • Solenopsis privata (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis provincialis Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis punctaticeps Mayr, 1865
  • Solenopsis puncticeps MacKay & Vinson, 1989
  • Solenopsis pusillignis Trager, 1991
  • Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901
  • Solenopsis pylades Forel
  • Solenopsis pythia Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel, 1913
  • Solenopsis reichenspergeri Santschi, 1923
  • Solenopsis richardi Bernard, 1950
  • 入侵黑火蟻 Solenopsis richteri Forel, 1909
  • Solenopsis robusta Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis rugiceps Mayr, 1870
  • Solenopsis rugosa Bernard, 1950
  • Solenopsis sabeana (Buckley, 1867)
  • Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855)
  • Solenopsis salina Wheeler, 1908
  • Solenopsis santschii Forel, 1905
  • Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
  • Solenopsis scelesta Forel
  • Solenopsis schilleri Santschi, 1923
  • Solenopsis schmalzi Forel, 1901
  • Solenopsis scipio Santschi, 1911
  • Solenopsis sea (Kusnezov, 1953)
  • Solenopsis seychellensis Forel, 1909
  • Solenopsis shiptoni Santschi
  • Solenopsis silvestrii Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis similis
  • Solenopsis solenopsidis (Kusnezov, 1953)
  • Solenopsis soochowensis Wheeler, 1921
  • Solenopsis spei Forel, 1912
  • Solenopsis steigeri Santschi
  • Solenopsis stricta Emery, 1896
  • Solenopsis substituta Santschi, 1925
  • Solenopsis subterranea MacKay & Vinson, 1989
  • Solenopsis subtilis Emery, 1896
  • Solenopsis succinea Emery, 1890
  • Solenopsis sulfurea (Roger, 1862)
  • Solenopsis superba (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis targuia Bernard, 1953
  • Solenopsis tennesseensis Smith, 1951
  • Solenopsis tenuis Mayr, 1878
  • Solenopsis terricola Menozzi, 1931
  • Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966
  • Solenopsis tetracantha Emery, 1906
  • Solenopsis texana Emery, 1895
  • Solenopsis tipuna Forel, 1912
  • Solenopsis tonsa Thompson, 1989
  • Solenopsis transversalis
  • Solenopsis tridens Forel, 1911
  • Solenopsis trihasta Santschi, 1923
  • Solenopsis truncorum Forel, 1901
  • Solenopsis ugandensis Santschi, 1933
  • Solenopsis valida (Foerster, 1891)
  • Solenopsis vinsoni Pacheco & Mackay, 2013
  • Solenopsis virulens (Smith, 1858)
  • Solenopsis vorax Santschi, 1934
  • Solenopsis wasmannii Emery, 1894
  • Solenopsis weiseri Forel, 1914
  • Solenopsis westwoodi Forel, 1894
  • Solenopsis weyrauchi Trager, 1991
  • Solenopsis wolfi Emery, 1915
  • Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879
  • Solenopsis zambesiae Arnold, 1926
  • Solenopsis zeteki Wheeler, 1942

参考文献

  1. . [2019-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06).
  2. Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. . Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1986.
  3. Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Gianmarco Tavilla, Giuseppe Siracusa and Salvatore Cambria. 2022. Solenopsis bacchettae (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New Species from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03773
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