澳大利亚原住民语言
澳大利亞原住民语言(Australian Aboriginal languages)包括在澳大利亞大陸和周边岛屿(不过一般不包括塔斯马尼亚岛)使用的语言,可以分为数个语系和一些孤立语言,其中最著名的是帕马-恩永甘语系。在欧洲殖民者到来之前,澳大利亚曾是世界上语言最多样的地区之一,拥有大约250种不同的語言。
目前,澳大利亞原住民语言的数目已经减少到大约150,并且绝大多数语言还是处于高度濒危状态。在今存的语种中,只有大约10%仍在学校中教授,并且这些语言大多使用在一些生活较孤立的地区。一些语言如塔斯马尼亚语系语言已经完全灭亡。
截至2019年4月,只剩13种还没被列为“高度濒危”语言。这一事实总是被人们忽略。[1]
澳大利亞原住民语言形成一个语言区域,享有众多共同词汇和独特的语音特征。典型的澳大利亞原住民语言只含有三个元音,一般为[a, i, u](可能有长短音的区别)。清浊音的区别很少见,而且擦音也极为罕见。
很多澳大利亞原住民语言为作通格語言。
參考文獻
- Dalby, Andrew. . Bloomsbury Publishing plc. 1998: 43. ISBN 0-7475-3117-X.
- Dixon, R.M.W. 1989. Searching for Aboriginal Languages. University of Chicago Press, 1989. ISBN 0-226-15430-0
- Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.
- Evans, Nicholas (ed.). 2003. The non-Pama–Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- McConvell, Patrick and Nicholas Evans. (eds.) 1997. Archaeology and Linguistics: Global Perspectives on Ancient Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press
- O'Grady, Geoff; Ken Hale. 2004. The Coherence and Distinctiveness of the Pama–Nyungan Language Family within the Australian Linguistic Phylum. In Claire Bowern and Harold Koch, eds., Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. John Benjamins Pub. Co.
- UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger (页面存档备份,存于) (retrieved 8/6/10)
- Walsh, Michael. 1991. Overview of indigenous languages of Australia. In Suzane Romaine (ed), Language in Australia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33983-9
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad, "Aboriginal languages deserve revival", The Australian Higher Education, 26 August 2009.
參見
- 澳洲原住民口語拼音
- 帕馬-恩永甘語系
- 廣帕馬-恩永甘語系
參考資料
- 亚历克斯·罗林斯 (Alex Rawlings). . BBC英倫網. 2019年4月23日 [2020年6月5日]. (原始内容存档于2019年4月24日).
外部連結
- AustLang database of Australian languages
- The Linguist List MultiTree Project: Australian Family Tree
- Map of indigenous Australian languages (页面存档备份,存于) from Muturzikin.com (current ranges)
- Australian languages plotted on Google Maps (Claire Bowern)
- Aboriginal Languages of Australia (页面存档备份,存于)
- The Horton map of Australian indigenous languages (recorded ranges; full view here
- Languages of Australia (页面存档备份,存于), as listed by Ethnologue
- National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 PDF format, size 2.6 MB Accessed 16 February 2009
- Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) (页面存档备份,存于)
- Ethnologue report on all languages by alphabetical order (页面存档备份,存于)
- Finding the meaning of an Aboriginal word (页面存档备份,存于)
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Social Justice Report 2009 (页面存档备份,存于) for more information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages and policy.
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