潜望镜

潜望镜（Periscope），是一种利用光线反射原理所制作的光学仪器，最常被用在潜水艇用以在水下观察水面上的动静。曾在堑壕战中被用来从壕沟观察敌军动态。潜望镜并非只有军事用途，过往双层巴士亦有设备潜望镜，让坐在下层的司机可观察上层的情况，双层巴士的潜望镜至2000年代才逐渐由闭路电视取代[1]。

Military handheld periscope optical design.
1 - Eyepiece
2 - Diagonal prism
3 - Handle
4 - 6 - Erecting lenses
5 - Periscope tube
7 - Field lens
8 - Lens
9 - Head diagonal prism
10 - Window
潜望镜示意图
Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors.
B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6 - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.
Principle of the lens periscope.
A - Periscope using a single lens (L2) to correct image.
B - Periscope which uses two lenses (L2-L3) to correct image.
1-3 - Periscope window.
2-4 - Field stop or reticle.
P - Right–angled prisms (or plane mirrors).
L1 - Objective lens.
L2 - for A - L2 - L3 - for B - Image erecting lens.
L3 - L4 -for A - L4-L5- for B - Eyepiece.
L0 - Field lens.
y - Distant object.
H - Periscope optical height.
  • Submarine monocular attack periscope.
    Submarine monocular attack periscope.
  • Zeiss submarine periscope optical design.
    Zeiss submarine periscope optical design.


图片
海军使用潜望镜
  • Officer at periscope in control room of a U.S. Navy submarine in World War II. The officer pictured is Captain Raymond W. Alexander, Sr. and the photo was taken in 1942.
    Officer at periscope in control room of a U.S. Navy submarine in World War II. The officer pictured is Captain Raymond W. Alexander, Sr. and the photo was taken in 1942.
  • Submarine monocular attack periscope
    Submarine monocular attack periscope
  • Torpedoed Japanese destroyer Yamakaze（英语：） photographed through periscope of USS Nautilus( USS Nautilus (SS-168)), 25 June 1942.
    Torpedoed Japanese destroyer Yamakaze photographed through periscope of USS Nautilus( USS Nautilus (SS-168)), 25 June 1942.

另见

参考数据
  1. . AM730. 2023-03-09 [2023-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-28）.

外部连接
维基教科书中的相关电子：Demo periscope
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：潜望镜
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