毒蝰

毒蝰（学名：Vipera aspis）是蝰属的一种毒蛇[4]。其毒性很强，人类被咬后死亡率达4%[5]。其种加词来自希腊语，意思就是“毒蛇”[6]。它有五个亚种。[7]

毒蝰
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： Reptilia
目： 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目： 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科： 蝰科 Viperidae
属： 蝰属 Vipera
种：
毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
Vipera aspis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
异名[1]
  • [Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758
  • Vipera Francisci Redi
    Laurenti, 1768[2][3]
  • Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768
  • Vipera vulgaris
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Vipera ocellata
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802
  • [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis
    — Merrem, 1820
  • C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822
  • Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823
  • Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826
  • [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis
    — F. Boie, 1827
  • Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    — Bonaparte, 1834
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    — Massalongo, 1853
  • V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis
    — Jan, 1863
  • Vipera berus subspec. aspis
    — Camerano, 1888
  • Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896
  • Vipera aspis var. lineata
    Düringen, 1897
  • [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902
  • Vipera aspis aspis
    — Mertens, 1925
  • Mesovipera aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927
  • Mesovipera maculata
    A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Mesovipera maculata aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Vipera ammodytes aspis
    — Schwarz, 1936
  • Vipera aspis delalande
    — M. Phisalix, 1968
  • Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis
    — Obst, 1983
  • Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993

分类
亚种[7] 命名人[7] 分布[4]
V. aspis aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) 欧洲大部分地区
V. aspis atra Meisner, 1820 瑞士、法国和意大利阿尔卑斯山脉地区
V. aspis francisciredi Laurenti, 1768 意大利中部
V. aspis hugyi Schinz, 1833 意大利南部
V. aspis zinnikeri Kramer, 1958 加斯科尼、安道尔和临近的西班牙地区

特征

其体长一般在60—65（24—26英寸）之间，雄蛇最长可达85 cm（33英寸），雌性则为75 cm（30英寸），但雄性身体要比雌性细一些.。[4]

参考文献
  1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
  4. Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  5. Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
  6. Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
  7. . ITIS. [2006-08-13].

外部连接
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：毒蝰
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