暗色岩

暗色岩（英语：）是类任何深色、细粒、非粒状侵入性或喷出性的火成岩。暗色岩的类型包括玄武岩、橄榄岩、辉绿岩和辉长岩[1]。暗色岩也用于指洪流玄武岩，例如德干暗色岩和西伯利亚暗色岩[2]。堆积的连续熔岩流形成的暗色岩层在被侵蚀后经常形成独特的阶梯状景观，暗色岩的学名“trap”就是源自瑞典语“trappa”，意思是“楼梯”[1]。

北爱尔兰的著名景观巨人堤道就是由暗色岩组成的

岩浆的缓慢冷却（无论是基石流还是浓稠的熔岩流）有时会在形成的暗色岩层内产生系统的垂直裂缝。这些裂缝通常通常形成六边形的岩石柱，但也有四到八边形的[3][4]。

参考数据
  1. Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.) American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. 779 pp. ISBN 978-0-922152-76-6
  2. Le Maitre, R. W., ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terminology. Cambridge University Press, New York. 236 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-66215-4
  3. Muller, G. (1998) "Experimental simulation of basalt columns". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. vol. 86, no. 1–4, pp. 93–96
  4. Spry, A. (1962). "The origin of columnar jointing, particularly in basalt flows". Journal of the Geological Society of Australia. Vol. 5, pp. 191–216.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.