打兰

打兰（英語：或；药剂学符号：ʒ；缩写：dr）[1][2]^:C-6–C-7[3] ，最初为希腊古代的一个重量及硬币单位[註 1]。[4]它是常衡制的一个质量单位，也是药衡制的一个质量单位和体积单位。 [2]作体积单位时，常被称为“液量打兰”或“英液打兰”，英文中则被称为“fluid dram”、“fluid drachm”、“fluidram”或“fluidrachm”，缩写为“fl dr”、“ƒ 3”或“fʒ”。[1][2]^:C-17[3][5][6][7]

重量单位

在古希腊计量单位中，德拉克马（drachm）为重量单位，相当于6奥波勒斯或¹⁄₁₀₀希腊米纳，约合4.37克。[8]
在古罗马计量单位中，重量单位德拉克马，或称德拉姆（dram），等于¹⁄₉₆罗马磅，约合3.41克。[9][10]
在奥斯曼帝国，迪拉姆（Dirham），等于¹⁄₄₀₀奥克，约合3.207克。

注释

作希腊重量和货币单位时译作“德拉克马”

参考

Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S.C. (编). . 2nd. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989, online version 2012 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8. OCLC 50959346. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. Spelt drachm or dram. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1897.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. "Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement" （页面存档备份，存于） (PDF). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices （页面存档备份，存于）. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. ISSN 0271-4027 （页面存档备份，存于）. OCLC 58927093. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
Boyer, Mary Jo. . 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 108–9 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-7817-6335-6. OCLC 181600928. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.
Royal College of Physicians of Dublin. . . Dublin: Hodges and Smith. 1850: xlvi [6 July 2012]. OCLC 599509441.
. Merriam-Webster online. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. [2 July 2012]. OCLC 44475779. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29）. Definition of FLUIDRAM: variant of fluid dram
Powell, Richard; Royal College of Physicians of London. . corr. and enl. 2nd. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. 1809: 3 [6 July 2012]. OCLC 622876101.
Donald J. Mastronarde. . University of California Press. 19 March 1993: 222 [30 June 2012]. ISBN 978-0-520-07844-4. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）.
Smith, William. 3rd American. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1886: 1062 [1 July 2012].
Ramsay, William Wardlaw. 7th. London: Charles Griffin and Company. 1883: 206 [1 July 2012].

外部链接

Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement （页面存档备份，存于） in Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices （页面存档备份，存于）. NIST Handbook 44 (2012 ed.).
Image （页面存档备份，存于） of Ancient Greek silver drachm with flying Pegasus, Acarnania, Leucas, c. 470–450 BCE

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[4] 作希腊重量和货币单位时译作“德拉克马”

[OEDdrachm-1] Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S.C. (编). . 2nd. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989, online version 2012 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8. OCLC 50959346. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. Spelt drachm or dram. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1897.

[NIST-2] National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. "Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement" （页面存档备份，存于） (PDF). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices （页面存档备份，存于）. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. ISSN 0271-4027 （页面存档备份，存于）. OCLC 58927093. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

[Boyer2009-3] Boyer, Mary Jo. . 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 108–9 [2 July 2012]. ISBN 978-0-7817-6335-6. OCLC 181600928. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.

[RoyalCollege1850-6] Royal College of Physicians of Dublin. . . Dublin: Hodges and Smith. 1850: xlvi [6 July 2012]. OCLC 599509441.

[7] . Merriam-Webster online. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. [2 July 2012]. OCLC 44475779. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29）. Definition of FLUIDRAM: variant of fluid dram

[PowellRoyalCollege1809-8] Powell, Richard; Royal College of Physicians of London. . corr. and enl. 2nd. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. 1809: 3 [6 July 2012]. OCLC 622876101.

[Mastronarde1993-9] Donald J. Mastronarde. . University of California Press. 19 March 1993: 222 [30 June 2012]. ISBN 978-0-520-07844-4. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）.

[DICTIONARY_OF_GREEK_AND_ROMAN_ANTIQUITIES.-10] Smith, William. 3rd American. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1886: 1062 [1 July 2012].

[Ramsay1883-11] Ramsay, William Wardlaw. 7th. London: Charles Griffin and Company. 1883: 206 [1 July 2012].