弗雷德里克·羅素·伯納姆

弗雷德里克·羅素·伯納姆，DSO（英語：，1861年5月11日—1947年9月1日），美國偵查兵與世界旅遊冒險家。他以服役於不列顛南非公司最為著名，接者則在非洲殖民地的英國陸軍服役，然後在羅德西亞地區為羅伯特·貝登堡教導斥候技術。他對於國際童軍運動的啟發有莫大的幫助。

弗雷德里克·羅素·伯納姆
Burnham portrait photograph taken in 1901. He is dressed in his British Army uniform, with major insignia, Distinguished Service Order Cross, British South Africa Medal, and Queens South Africa Medal.
1901年，伯納姆少校在英國陸軍的制服照
昵称
  • 偵查之王（英語：）[1]
  • 在陰暗中察看的人（英語：）[2]
出生(1861-05-11)1861年5月11日
明尼蘇達州提沃利（蘇族印第安保留地；鄰近曼卡托）
逝世1947年9月1日(1947歲—09—01)（86歲）
加利福尼亞州聖塔芭芭拉
墓地加利福尼亞州三河城 (36.42180°N 118.90470°W / 36.42180; -118.90470)
效命美國公民；不列顛南非公司與南部非洲英國陸軍的偵查兵
服役年份
  • 1893年─1897年
  • 1900年─1901年
军衔少校[3][4]
统率罗伯茨伯爵的偵查長
参与战争
  • 歡樂谷戰爭
  • 北美印第安戰爭
  • ─阿帕契戰爭
  • ─傑羅尼莫陣營
  • 第一次馬塔貝里戰爭
  • ─香安河之役
  • 第二次馬塔貝里戰爭
  • 第二次波爾戰爭
获得勋章
配偶
  • 布蘭奇·布利克（，1884年─1939年；丈夫在世時過世）
  • 伊洛·威利茨（，1943年─1947年）
亲属
  • 艾德溫·奧特韋·伯納姆（父親）
  • 霍華德·伯納姆（兄）
  • 查爾斯·愛德華·羅素（表弟）
  • 羅素·亞當·伯納姆（曾孫）
其他工作信差、印第安追蹤師、淘金人、石油工人與美國間諜。國際童軍運動之父，美國童軍亞利桑那州羅斯福童軍會榮譽總監

註解

註腳

    來源註腳
    1. Davis 1906，第192頁.
    2. West 1932，第49頁.
    3. Illustrated London News 1902，第44頁.
    4. The Times 1926，第10頁.
    • 本條目採用了1906年伯納姆少校的自傳，現在處於公有領域：Davis, Richard Harding. . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1906. ISBN 0-87364-239-2.

    參考文獻
    • Baden-Powell, Robert. . London: Gale & Polden. 1899. OCLC 316520848.
    • Baden-Powell, Robert. . London: W. Clowes and Sons. 1884. OCLC 9913678.
    • Baden-Powell, Robert. . London: H. Cox. 1908. ISBN 978-0-486-45719-2.
    • Barnes, John. . Beginnings of the Cinema in England, 1894–1901, v. 4. London: Bishopgate. 1990. ISBN 1-85219-046-9.
    • Barrett, Cathy J.; Valiance, Heather. . Victoria, Australia: Australasian Drama Studies, La Trobe University. October 1999.
    • Baxter, T.W.; Burke, E.E. . Salisbury, Rhodesia. 1970.
    • Birchard, Robert S. . Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-6275-5.
    • Bosher, John Francis. . Tamarac, Florida: Llumina Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-60594-827-0.
    • Bradford, Mary E.; Bradford, Richard H. . Niwot, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. 1993. ISBN 978-1-879373-66-2.
    • Bradford, Richard H. . American Historical Society Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. 1984.
    • Brelsford, W. V. (编). . The Northern Rhodesia Journal (Lusaka: Northern Rhodesia Society). 1954, II (4): 101–102 [2014-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-22）.
    • Britt, Albert. . . New York: Macmillan. 1923. OCLC 4585632.
    • Bryant, H. C. . California Fish and Game. April 1915. ISSN 0008-1078.
    • Burnham, Frederick Russell. . Westminster Gazette (London: Edward Tyas Cook). January 8–9, 1895 [2014-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
    • Burnham, Frederick Russell. . Wills, Walter H (编). . London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. 1899: 177–180.
    • Burnham, Frederick Russell. . Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. 1926. ISBN 978-0-86920-126-8. OCLC 407686.
    • Burnham, Frederick Russell. . Frederick Russell Burnham Papers, 1864–1951 (inclusive). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University. mssa.ms.0115. Box 14, Folders 1–4.
    • Burnham, Frederick Russell. . Los Angeles: Haynes. 1944. ISBN 978-1-879356-32-0. OCLC 2785490.
    • Burnham, M. Howard. . London, C. Griffin and Company, limited. 1912. ISBN 978-1-151-74631-3.
    • Burnham, Roderick Henry. . Hartford, Connecticut: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co. 1884.
    • Brown, Curtis. . Pearson's Magazine (London, England). November 1901: 546–553 [2014-12-27]. OCLC 1645313. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
    • Carr, Harry. . Los Angeles Times. September 6, 1931. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • Coates, Peter A. . Berkeley: University of California Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-520-24930-1.
    • Colby, William E.; Olmsted, Frederick Law. . Sierra Club Bulletin. April 1933, XVIII [June 15, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-03）.
    • Cubé, Caroline. . University of California Los Angeles, Special Collections, Young Research Library. [June 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
    • Davis, Clark. . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8018-6275-5.
    • Davis, Richard Harding. . . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1906. ISBN 978-0-87364-239-2.
    • DeGroot, E. B. . Boys' Life (Boy Scouts of America). July 1944.
    • Donovan, Charles Henry Wynne. . London: Henry and Company. 1894. ISBN 978-0-86920-180-0.
    • Du Toit, Stefanns Jacobus. . Rhodesia, Past and Present (London: Heinemann). 1897 [2014-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
    • Ehrenclou, V. L. . Union Oil Bulletin (Los Angeles: Union Oil Co. of California). May–June 1925: 1–11, 19. OCLC 12064434.
    • Elliott, John. . Kaweah Commonwealth Online. 2004 [June 23, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2012年6月6日）.
    • Everett, Mary Nixon. . The Masterkey (Southwest Museum). July–August 1952, 26 (4).
    • Farwell, Byron. . New York: W. W. Norton. 2001. ISBN 978-0-393-04770-7.
    • Farwell, Byron. . American Heritage Magazine. March 1976, 20 (3) [June 26, 2013]. ISSN 0002-8738. （原始内容存档于2018-10-21）.
    • Fisher, Claude. . Daily Mail (1086) (London). January 5, 1930. ISSN 0307-7578.
    • Fleming, Mike. . Deadline Hollywood. [June 5, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-07）.
    • Forster, Reverend Dr. Michael. (DOC). Netpages. [July 21, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
    • Forbes, Archibald; Griffiths, Arthur; Henty, George Alfred; Knight, E. F. . London: Castle and Company Ltd. 1896.
    • Fort, Charles; Liveright, Horace. . New York: Horace Liveright. 1919. chap. XI [2014-12-27]. ISBN 978-1-870870-53-5. （原始内容存档于2022-03-14）.
    • Gann, Lewis H. First. London: Chatto & Windus. 1965. ISBN 978-0-85664-771-0.
    • Gooding, W L. . Grey River Argus (Greymouth, New Zealand: James Kerr). July 10, 1894, XXXVI (7,986) [2014-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-10）.
    • 亨利·萊特·哈葛德. . New York, London: Longmans, Green. 1896. ISBN 978-1-84677-796-7.
    • 亨利·萊特·哈葛德. . London: Project Gutenberg of Australia. 1926 [June 15, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-20）.
    • Hales, A. G. . The Daily News (17048). November 13, 1900.
    • Hamilton College (编). . . Clinton, NY: Roberts & Co. 1874.
    • Hammond, John Hays. . Scribner's Magazine. January–June 1921, LXIX: 257–277.
    • Hammond, John Hays. . New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1935. ISBN 978-0-405-05913-1.
    • Hampton, Benjamin B. . Hampton's Magazine. April 1, 1910, 24 (1).
    • Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. . Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8263-4652-0.
    • Hemingway, Ernest; Hotchner, A. E. . Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8262-1605-2.
    • Hensman, Howard. (PDF). Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood and Sons. 1900 [June 8, 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-01-26）.
    • Holder, Charles. . Scientific American. September 10, 1910. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican09101910-196.
    • Template:Cite CAB
    • Hough, Harold. . Miner News. January 2010 [August 10, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年5月26日）.
    • Jeal, Tim. . London: Hutchinson. 1989. ISBN 978-0-09-170670-8.
    • Juang, Richard M. . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2008. ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7.
    • Leebaert, Derek. . New York: Little, Brown. 2006. ISBN 978-0-316-14384-4.
    • Lott, Jack. . Bell, E.G.; Lott, Jack; James, Garry (编). . Los Angeles: Peterson Publishing Co. 1972. OCLC 27427113.
    • Lott, Jack. . Boddington, Craig (编). . Los Angeles, California: Petersen Publishing. 1981. ISBN 978-0-8227-3022-4.
    • Lott, J. P. . Rhodesiana (Salisbury: The Rhodesiana Society). September 1976, (35). ISSN 0556-9605. OCLC 1904759.
    • Lott, J. P. . Rhodesiana (Salisbury: The Rhodesiana Society). March 1977, 36. ISSN 0556-9605. OCLC 1904759.
    • MacKenzie, John M. . Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 1986. ISBN 978-0-7190-1868-8.
    • Marston, Roger. . Northampton: Paragon Publishing. January 2010. ISBN 978-1-899820-81-8.
    • McClintock, Rev. John (编). . New York: Harper & Brothers. 1885.
    • Miraldi, Robert. . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2003. ISBN 0-312-29292-9.
    • Money, R. R. . Blackwood's Magazine. August 1962, v291: 42–52. ISSN 0006-436X.
    • Money, R. R. . Blackwood's Magazine. January 1962, v292: 169–82. ISSN 0006-436X.
    • Money, R. R. . Blackwood's Magazine. April 1962, 291. ISSN 0006-436X.
    • Montgomery, Ruth. . New York: Fawcett Crest. 1967. ISBN 978-0-449-21085-7.
    • Nash, Gerald. . The Pacific Northwest Quarterly (University of Washington). July 1980, 71 (3).
    • Osborn, Henry Fairfield. (PDF). American Museum Novitates (American Museum of Natural History). June 29, 1933, (639) [June 14, 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-11-29）.
    • O'Reilly, John. . Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia. 1970. ASIN B005TAHXR4.
    • Pakenham, Thomas. . New York: Random House. 1979. ISBN 0-394-42742-4.
    • Pegler, Martin. . Oxford: Osprey. 2004. OCLC 56654780.
    • Peterson, Robert. . Scouting Magazine. March–April 2004 [July 31, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-02）.
    • Pietrusza, David. . New York: Carroll & Graf. 2007. OCLC 77523663.
    • Plaster, John. . Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-87364-704-5.
    • Poyer, Joe. . Tustin, California: North Cape Publications. 2013. ISBN 978-1-882391-47-9.
    • Prichard, Hesketh Vernon Hesketh. . Solihull, West Midlands, England: Helion. 1919 [June 29, 2013]. ISBN 978-1-874622-47-5.
    • Roosevelt, Theodore. . New York: George H. Doran. 1917: 347. LCCN 17025965.
    • Russell, Charles Edward. . Washington, DC: Ransdell Inc. 1941. OCLC 612420422.
    • Saxton, Edward H. . Desert Magazine. March 1978, 41 (3) [June 29, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
    • Shippey, Lee; A. L. Ewing. . . Sierra Madre, California: Sierra Madre Press. 1930: 23–25. OCLC 2846678.
    • Shippey, Lee. . The Los Angeles Times. February 2, 1930. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • Selous, Frederick Courteney. . London: R. Ward. 1896 [July 28, 2013]. ISBN 978-1-60355-059-8.
    • Smylie, James Hutchinson. . Louisville, Kentucky: Geneva Press. 1996. OCLC 34926798.
    • Strasser, Mike. . United States Army. October 4, 2007 [June 19, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
    • Thrapp, Dan L. . Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-8032-9418-9.
    • Tough, Alistair. . History in Africa (African Studies Association, Hoover Institution Archives). 1985, 12. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171734. doi:10.2307/3171734.
    • Unger, Frederic William. . . Philadelphia: H. T. Coates. 1901.
    • van Wyk, Peter. . Victoria, B.C., Canada: Trafford Publishing. 2003. ISBN 978-1-4120-0901-0.
    • Wagner-Martin, Linda. . New York: Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-512152-0.
    • Weideman, Christine. . Yale University Library. 2006 [June 14, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2006年9月10日）.
    • West, James E.; Lamb, Peter O. . illustrated by Lord Baden-Powell. New York: Brewer, Warren and Putnam; Boy Scouts of America. 1932.
    • West, James E. . Washington, D.C.: United States Congress, House Committee on Education. 1937.
    • West, James E. . Religious Education. 1935, (July/Oct).
    • Wills, W. A.; Collingridge, L. T. . London: The African Review. 1894. ISBN 978-0-8371-1653-2.
    • Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John. . New York: Gale Research. 1900: 249. ISBN 978-1-85506-957-2.
    • Wood, Clement. . New York: W. Faro. 1932. OCLC 1071583.
    • Woods, Douglas; Melba Levick. . New York: Rizzoli; Enfield: Publishers Group UK Books. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8478384-9-3. OCLC 766319986.
    • . The Atlanta Constitution. April 8, 1900. ISSN 0093-1179.
    • . The Washington Post (reprint from New York Herald). March 3, 1911. ISSN 0148-2076.
    • . Arizona Highways (Arizona Department of Transportation). 1941, 17. ISSN 0004-1521.
    • . City of Fulton. [June 24, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014年4月13日）.
    • . Anglo Boer War. [June 17, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-28）. (name search required)
    • . The Los Angeles Times. March 2, 1902. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • . State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics. [August 31, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）. (name search required)
    • . Los Angeles Times. June 19, 1927. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • . The Times (44450) (London). December 9, 1926.
    • . The Times (London). April 29, 1899.
    • . Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper (London: Frank Lloyd). October 1, 1899 [2014-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
    • (PDF). Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation. 2010 [August 29, 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-16）.
    • . Federal Bureau of Investigation. [June 12, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年9月30日）.
    • . New York Evangelist. April 11, 1855, 26 (15)..
    • . New York Times via London Chronicle. May 5, 1901 [June 22, 2013]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • . New York Times. March 13, 1917 [June 30, 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-07-01）.
    • . New York Times. May 19, 1900. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • . Science. March 21, 1930, 71 (1838). JSTOR 1654708. doi:10.1126/science.71.1838.308.
    • . United States Geological Survey. July 9, 2013 [July 9, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
    • . United States Geological Survey. July 3, 2013 [July 3, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
    • (PDF). Journal of the Churchill Center and Societies, Summer 2005. [June 16, 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007年8月8日）.
    • . Order of the Arrow, Boy Scouts of America. 2013 [July 31, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-11）.
    • . Biographical sketch. The Canadian Anglo-Boer War Museum. 2007 [March 31, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年3月12日）.
    • . New York Times. April 23, 1912 [September 28, 2007]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • 3rd. New Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America. 1933.
    • (PDF). New York Times. June 25, 1896 [June 26, 2013]. ISSN 0093-1179. （原始内容存档于2017-07-01）.
    • . London Gazette (27146) (London: T. Neuman). December 22, 1899: 8541 [June 14, 2013]. ISSN 0374-3721.
    • . The Los Angeles Times. May 14, 1929. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • . New York Times. April 17, 1910 [September 28, 2007]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • . New York Times. September 28, 1901 [June 29, 2013]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • . Daily Mail (London). October 16, 1909. ISSN 0307-7578.
    • . Library of Congress. [August 11, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年5月24日）.
    • . United States Army. 2004 [June 19, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2006年4月19日）.
    • . New York Times (London Mail). August 12, 1901 [2014-12-27]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • . LDSfilm. August 18, 2004 [June 25, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
    • . The Western Times (17550) (Exeter, England). October 4, 1905.
    • . Illustrated London News (3273) (London). January 11, 1902 [August 30, 2012].
    • . New York Times. January 17, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • . The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University. 2013 [August 11, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-24）.
    • . Atlanta Constitution. November 21, 1896. ISSN 0093-1179.
    • . New York: International News Service. 1915. OCLC 5532411.
    • . Science. May 23, 1930, 71 (1847). ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1655718. doi:10.1126/science.71.1847.533.
    • Southern Africa Committee. . Southern Africa (New York: Southern Africa Committee). 1973, 6. ISSN 0038-3775. OCLC 1781212.
    • . Boy Scouts of America. 2012 [June 23, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2012年9月28日）.
    • . Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Co.). August 4, 1900. ISSN 0458-3035.
    • . The Times (35824) (London: R. Nutkins). May 9, 1899. ISSN 0140-0460.
    • . New York Times. May 20, 1917 [2014-12-27]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
    • . 1st Lacock Scout Group. 2013 [July 21, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-13）.
    • . New York Times. May 19, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • . The Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1896. ISSN 0458-3035.
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.