古埃及数学

古埃及数学是古埃及人发明和使用的数学，使用时间范围在西元前3000年到前300年间，大致从古王國時期一直到托勒密王國开始。古埃及人使用古埃及数字计数，并解决一些数学问题，通常包括乘法和分数问题。关于古埃及数学的佐证都是从稀有的古代纸草书上而来。根据这些纸草书的记载，古埃及人已经有了几何的知识，例如计算表面積和体积，用于建筑计算，以及代数的知识，例如盈不足术和一元二次方程。

来源

莱因德数学纸草书（RMP），为最大的数学文字来源。大约作于第二中间时期（虽然它是已经失传的中王国时期的纸草的一份复本）[1]。
莫斯科数学纸草书[1]
Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll[1]
拉罕数学纸草书[1]
柏林纸草书6619
Akhmim Wooden Tablet
赖斯纳纸草书[1]

数字

埃及数字采用10进制。

埃及数字的圣书体[2]

1

10

100

1000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

Slab stela of Old Kingdom Egyptian princess Neferetiabet (dated 2590-2565 BC) from her tomb at Giza, painting on limestone, now in Louvre, France.

一些分数的圣书体[1]

1/2

1/3

2/3

1/4

1/5

参看

巴比伦古代数学
古希腊数学
古罗马数学

外部链接

（页面存档备份，存于）

参考

Chace, Arnold Buffum. 1927–1929. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: Free Translation and Commentary with Selected Photographs, Translations, Transliterations and Literal Translations. 2 vols. Classics in Mathematics Education 8. Oberlin: Mathematical Association of America. (Reprinted Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1979). ISBN 0873531337
Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871692325
Couchoud, Sylvia. 1993. Mathématiques égyptiennes: Recherches sur les connaissances mathématiques de l'Égypte pharaonique. Paris: Éditions Le Léopard d'Or
Peet, Thomas Eric. 1923. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, British Museum 10057 and 10058. London: The University Press of Liverpool limited and Hodder & Stoughton limited
Robins, R. Gay. 1995. "Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt". In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack M. Sasson, John R. Baines, Gary Beckman, and Karen S. Rubinson. Vol. 3 of 4 vols. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons. (Reprinted Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000). 1799–1813
Robins, R. Gay, and Charles C. D. Shute. 1987. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: An Ancient Egyptian Text. London: British Museum Publications Limited. ISBN 0714109444
Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič, and Boris Aleksandrovič Turaev. 1930. Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A: Quellen 1. Berlin: J. Springer

參考文獻

Clagett, Marshall Ancient Egyptian Science, A Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society) American Philosophical Society. 1999 ISBN 978-0-87169-232-0
Burton, David, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction , McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-305189-5

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[Clagett-1] Clagett, Marshall Ancient Egyptian Science, A Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society) American Philosophical Society. 1999 ISBN 978-0-87169-232-0

[Burton-2] Burton, David, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction , McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-305189-5