凡得瓦分子
超聲束光譜
在(超聲束)分子束中的溫度很低(約低於5 K)。凡得瓦分子在此低溫下會穩定,可以用微波、遠紅外線光譜及其他光譜偵測到[4]。 在冷平衡氣體中也會形成凡得瓦分子,不過其濃度很小,而且和溫度有關。目前已觀察到氣體中凡得瓦分子的旋轉躍遷和振動躍遷,主要是用紫外以及紅外光譜來觀察。
凡得瓦分子多半是非常的不具剛性,而且可以用很低的能量壁壘分隔出不同的流变分子,因此在遠紅外光譜中看到的穿隧分裂(tunneling splittings)相對較大[5]。在遠紅外線光譜中可以觀察到凡得瓦分子的分子間振動、旋轉以及穿隧運動(VRT)。 凡得瓦分子的VRT光譜研究是目前了解分子间作用力最直接的途徑[6]。
參考資料
- Blaney, B L; Ewing, G E. . Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 1976, 27 (1): 553–584. Bibcode:1976ARPC...27..553B. ISSN 0066-426X. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.27.100176.003005.
- Friedrich, Bretislav. . Physics. 8 April 2013, 6: 42 [2021-08-15]. Bibcode:2013PhyOJ...6...42F. doi:10.1103/Physics.6.42 . (原始内容存档于2017-08-29).
- Joshua Jortner. . . John Wiley & Sons. 8 September 2009: 323– [2021-08-15]. ISBN 978-0-470-14313-1. (原始内容存档于2021-08-28).
- Smalley, Richard E.; Wharton, Lennard; Levy, Donald H. . Accounts of Chemical Research. 1977, 10 (4): 139–145 [2021-08-15]. Bibcode:1977mosw.book.....S. ISSN 0001-4842. doi:10.1021/ar50112a006. (原始内容存档于2017-09-23).
- Hutson, J M. . Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 1990, 41 (1): 123–154. Bibcode:1990ARPC...41..123H. ISSN 0066-426X. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.001011.
- Miller, R. E. . The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1986, 90 (15): 3301–3313. ISSN 0022-3654. doi:10.1021/j100406a003.
延伸閱讀
- So far three special issues of Chemical Reviews have been devoted to vdW molecules: I. Vol. 88(6) (1988). II. Vol. 94(7) (1994). III. Vol. 100(11) (2000).
- Early reviews of vdW molecules: G. E. Ewing, Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 8, pp. 185-192, (1975): Structure and Properties of Van der Waals molecules. B. L. Blaney and G. E. Ewing, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 27, pp. 553-586 (1976): Van der Waals Molecules.
- About VRT spectroscopy: G. A. Blake, et al., Review Scientific Instruments, Vol. 62, p. 1693, 1701 (1991). H. Linnartz, W.L. Meerts, and M. Havenith, Chemical Physics, Vol. 193, p. 327 (1995).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.