內弗爾卡拉金字塔
內弗爾卡拉金字塔(英語:)是位於埃及吉薩平原以南阿布西爾[3]大型墓地的一座金字塔,為古埃及第五王朝時興建,是當時所有金字塔中最高的一座。[4]
內弗爾卡拉金字塔 | |||||||||||||
地点 | 埃及阿布西爾 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
坐标 | 29°53′42″N 31°12′09″E | ||||||||||||
古代名称 | Bꜣ Nfr-ỉr-kꜣ-Rꜥ Ba Nefer-ir-ka-Re "Ba Neferirkare" Alternatively translated as "Neferirkare takes form"[2] | ||||||||||||
建造时间 | 前25世紀 | ||||||||||||
类型 | 真金字塔 | ||||||||||||
高度 | 72公尺以上 | ||||||||||||
基座 | 105公尺 | ||||||||||||
斜率 | 53°07'48 | ||||||||||||
[编辑维基数据] |
第五王朝標誌著舊王國時期大金字塔建築的終結。那個時代的金字塔越來越小,越來越規範,雖然複雜的浮雕裝飾也激增。然而內弗爾卡拉金字塔卻偏離了慣例,因為它最初是作為階梯金字塔建造的:這種設計在第三王朝(公元前26或27世紀)之後就已經過時了。雖然興建工程在內弗爾卡拉死前並未完成,但這座金字塔原本高達70米;儘管金字塔的外部嚴重磨損,現時的高度也有五十多米。
参见
參考文獻
- Borchardt 1909,第4頁.
- Altenmüller 2001,第598頁.
- Arnold 2003,第2頁.
- Arnold 2003,第160頁.
- 書目
- Allen, James; Allen, Susan; Anderson, Julie; et al. . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1999 [2022-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-8109-6543-0. OCLC 41431623. (原始内容存档于2021-05-07).
- Allen, James P. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 88–89. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Altenmüller, Hartwig. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 597–601. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Altenmüller, Hartwig. . Coppens, Filip (编). (PDF) 70. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. 2002: 269–290 [2022-04-17]. ISSN 0044-8699. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-10-31).
|journal=
被忽略 (帮助);|issue=
被忽略 (帮助) - Arnold, Dieter. . London: I.B Tauris & Co Ltd. 2003. ISBN 978-1-86064-465-8.
- Baines, John. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-815250-7.
- Bard, Kathryn. . Chicester: John Wiley & Sons. 2015. ISBN 978-1-118-89611-2.
- Bareš, Ladislav. . Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). . Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. 2000: 1–16. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0.
- Bárta, Miroslav. (PDF). Cambridge Archaeological Journal (Cambridge). 2005, 15 (2): 177–191. S2CID 161629772. doi:10.1017/s0959774305000090. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-02-28).
- Bárta, Miroslav. . CEGU FF. Český egyptologický ústav. 2015 [1 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-04).
- Bárta, Miroslav. . UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. 2017 [2022-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-29).
- Borchardt, Ludwig. . Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Abusir. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Abusir; 5 : Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft; 11 (Leipzig: Hinrichs). 1909 [2022-04-17]. doi:10.11588/diglit.30508. (原始内容存档于2018-06-15) (德语).
- Clayton, Peter A. . London: Thames & Hudson. 1994. ISBN 978-0-500-05074-3.
- Davies, William V.; Friedman, Renée F. . New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. 1998 [2022-04-17]. ISBN 978-1-55670-818-3. (原始内容存档于2022-05-13).
- Dodson, Aidan. . Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4738-2159-0.
- Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan. . London: Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 978-0-500-05128-3.
- Dušek, Jan; Mynářová, Jana. . Botta, Alejandro (编). . Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 60. Leiden: Brill. 2012: 53–69. ISBN 978-90-04-24083-4.
- Edwards, Iorwerth. . Baltimore: Harmondsworth. 1975. ISBN 978-0-14-020168-0.
- Edwards, Iorwerth. . Bard, Kathryn (编). . London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 97–99. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9.
- Goelet, Ogden. . Bard, Kathryn (编). . London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 87. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9.
- Grimal, Nicolas. . Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. 1992. ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8.
- Hayes, William C. . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1990 [1953]. OCLC 233920917.
- Isler, Martin. . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8061-3342-3.
- Jefferys, David. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 373–376. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Kahl, Jochem. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 591–593. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Krejčí, Jaromír. . Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). . Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. 2000: 467–484. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0.
- Krejčí, Jaromír. . CEGU FF. Český egyptologický ústav. 2015 [21 January 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-04) (捷克语).
- Lehner, Mark. . Bard, Kathryn (编). . London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 778–786. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9.
- Lehner, Mark. . New York: Thames & Hudson. 2008. ISBN 978-0-500-28547-3.
- Loprieno, Antonio. . Bard, Kathryn (编). . London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 38–44. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9.
- Málek, Jaromír. . Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). . Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. 2000: 241–258. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0.
- Málek, Jaromír. . Shaw, Ian (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003: 83–107. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
- Mariette, Auguste. Maspero, Gaston , 编. . Paris: F. Vieweg. 1889. OCLC 10266163.
- Morales, Antonio J. . Bárta, Miroslav; Coppens, Filip; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). . Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. 2006: 311–341. ISBN 978-80-7308-116-4.
- Myśliwiec, Karol. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 158−160. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Peck, William H. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 289–290. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Sampsell, Bonnie. . The Ostracon (Denver). 2000, 11 (3) [2022-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-29).
- Seidlmayer, Stephen. . Shaw, Ian (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003: 108–136. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
- Seters, John Van. . Warsaw, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 1997. ISBN 978-1-57506-013-2.
- Sethe, Kurt. 1. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. 1933. OCLC 883262096 (德语).
- Shaw, Ian (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
- Strudwick, Nigel. Leprohon, Ronald , 编. . Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2005 [2022-04-17]. ISBN 978-90-04-13048-7. (原始内容存档于2022-04-22).
- Verner, Miroslav. (PDF). Prague: Academia Škodaexport. 1994. ISBN 978-80-200-0022-4. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-02-01).
- Verner, Miroslav. (PDF). Archiv Orientální (Prague). 2001a, 69 (3): 363–418 [2022-04-17]. ISSN 0044-8699. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04).
- Verner, Miroslav. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001b: 5–7. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Verner, Miroslav. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001c: 585–591. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Verner, Miroslav. . Redford, Donald B. (编). . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001d: 87–95. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- Verner, Miroslav. . New York: Grove Press. 2001e. ISBN 978-0-8021-1703-8.
- Verner, Miroslav. . Cairo; New York: American Univ in Cairo Press. 2002 [2022-04-17]. ISBN 978-977-424-723-1. (原始内容存档于2022-02-15).
- Verner, Miroslav. . New York: Atlantic Books Ltd. 2014 [2022-04-17]. ISBN 978-1-78239-680-2. (原始内容存档于2021-11-18).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.